Abstract—

The article presents results from analyzing the state of the art achieved in the coal gasification technologies developed around the world and the demand for them. It is shown that such technologies have presently arrived at a crossroad in their development. Their future will be determined by the development prospects of coal energy as a whole. Coal still continues to play the most important role in the world energy. In recent years, external factors have become extremely negative for the development of coal energy. Among other fuels, coal produces the largest specific emissions of CO₂ during its combustion, in view of which it may become the first victim of the unfolding energy decarbonization policy. Under such conditions, there is a need to diversify the coal utilization fields, primarily through manufacturing a wide range of chemical products with a high added value. This generates the need to develop the appropriate technologies, and, first of all, gasification technologies, the use of which opens the possibility of making almost the entire range of products from coal that are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. It has been determined that gasification technologies have already reached a high level of technical maturity, and a large number of gasifier designs have been proposed. It has been determined that the majority of operating coal gasification plants are presently used for manufacturing various chemical products, first of all, natural gas substitute (which is then forwarded to gas networks) and also methanol and ammonia. It is pointed out that only a few integrated gasification combined cycle plants have been implemented and planned for construction, which means that the private sector shows little interest in this technology. At the same time, such plants have quite a high potential for being used in low-carbon energy, of course, provided that the problem of disposing the captured CO₂ is solved. It is shown that a large number of gasifier equipment manufacturers are available around the world. However, gasifiers are produced in single units or in a small series, which unavoidably leads to the high cost of this equipment. For the further innovative development of the gasification technology, combined efforts should be taken by the private sector and the state.

中文翻译：

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煤气化：在十字路口。技术因素

摘要-

本文介绍了通过分析世界各地开发的煤气化技术所取得的最新进展以及对这些技术的需求所得出的结果。结果表明，此类技术目前已进入发展的十字路口。它们的未来将取决于整个煤炭能源的发展前景。煤炭仍然继续在世界能源中扮演最重要的角色。近年来，外部因素对煤炭能源的发展已变得极为不利。在其他燃料中，煤炭产生的最大CO ₂比排放量在燃烧过程中，鉴于此，它可能成为不断发展的能源脱碳政策的首个受害者。在这样的条件下，需要通过主要制造各种具有高附加值的化学产品来使煤炭利用领域多样化。这就需要开发适当的技术，首先是气化技术，其使用为从石油和天然气中获得的煤炭生产几乎所有产品的可能性提供了可能性。已经确定，气化技术已经达到很高的技术成熟度，并且已经提出了大量的气化器设计。已经确定，目前大多数运行中的煤气化厂都用于生产各种化学产品，首先是天然气替代品（然后被转发到天然气网络），还有甲醇和氨。需要指出的是，只有少数一体化气化联合循环工厂已经实施并计划建设，这意味着私营部门对该技术兴趣不大。同时，当然，如果处理所捕获的二氧化碳存在问题，则此类植物具有用于低碳能源的巨大潜力。₂解决了。结果表明，全世界有大量的气化炉设备制造商。然而，气化炉以单个单元或小批量生产，这不可避免地导致该设备的高成本。为了进一步创新发展气化技术，私营部门和国家应共同努力。