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How vigilance shapes the functional response of herbivores
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13813 Etienne Sirot 1 , Pierrick Blanchard 2 , Anne Loison 3 , Olivier Pays 1, 4, 5
中文翻译：
警惕性如何影响食草动物的功能反应
更新日期：2021-04-22
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13813 Etienne Sirot 1 , Pierrick Blanchard 2 , Anne Loison 3 , Olivier Pays 1, 4, 5
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- Herbivores in quest of food have to attend areas where predators also concentrate their attacks. They have to deal with two conflicting demands, the need of feeding and that of avoiding predation. Using a theoretical approach, we study the influence of these antagonistic constraints on the shaping of an herbivore's foraging strategy and their consequences in terms of functional response.
- In our model, the animal may curtail predation risk by being vigilant while foraging and by limiting its time of presence in the feeding area. Being vigilant means either stopping all feeding activities to scan for predators (exclusive vigilance) or using the time spent handling resources to do so, with reduced detection capacities (routine vigilance). Using an optimization criterium, we thus determine how long the animal will stay in the feeding area and how it will share its time and attention while present there, as a function of resource density and predation risk.
- All behavioural variables show smooth but sometimes non-monotonic variations in response to changes in these environmental conditions. When these variations are taken into account, the instantaneous intake rate of the herbivore, as well as the total biomass of plant consumed, increase in a decelerating but continuous manner with the patch's richness, in qualitative agreement with a type II functional response. This smooth pattern is explained by the possibility for the herbivore, when food abundance rises, to progressively redirect its attention to routine antipredator vigilance.
- The relative importance of routine vigilance with respect to exclusive vigilance declines when predation risk increases, as well as the duration of the patch's visit and the total quantity of food eaten. The exact shape of the functional response is thus mediated by subtle adjustments of behavioural and attentional priorities, in response to variations in both food availability and predation risk.
中文翻译：
警惕性如何影响食草动物的功能反应
- 寻求食物的食草动物必须前往捕食者也集中攻击的区域。他们必须处理两个相互矛盾的要求，即进食的需要和避免捕食的需要。使用理论方法，我们研究了这些对抗性约束对草食动物觅食策略形成的影响及其在功能反应方面的后果。
- 在我们的模型中，动物可以通过在觅食时保持警惕并限制其在喂食区的存在时间来降低捕食风险。保持警惕意味着要么停止所有喂食活动以扫描捕食者（独家警惕），要么利用处理资源所花费的时间来这样做，降低检测能力（常规警惕）。因此，使用优化标准，我们可以根据资源密度和捕食风险来确定动物将在喂食区停留多长时间，以及它在喂食区将如何分享时间和注意力。
- 所有行为变量都表现出平滑但有时非单调的变化，以响应这些环境条件的变化。当考虑到这些变化时，草食动物的瞬时摄入率以及消耗的植物总生物量随着斑块的丰富度以减速但连续的方式增加，与 II 型功能反应定性一致。这种平稳的模式可以解释为，当食物丰富度上升时，食草动物可能会逐渐将注意力转移到日常的反捕食者警惕上。
- 当捕食风险增加时，常规警戒相对于唯一警戒的相对重要性下降，以及补丁访问的持续时间和食用的食物总量。因此，功能反应的确切形状是通过行为和注意力优先级的细微调整来调节的，以应对食物供应和捕食风险的变化。
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