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Fractures in Low‐Permeability Rocks: Can Poroelastic Effects Associated With Damage Zones Enhance Their Seismic Visibility?
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.1029/2020jb021155
Edith Sotelo 1 , J. Germán Rubino 2 , Santiago G. Solazzi 1 , Nicolás D. Barbosa 1, 3 , Klaus Holliger 1
Affiliation  

Fluid pressure diffusion (FPD) between a fracture and a porous permeable background can increase the normal compliance of the fracture and, thus, its reflectivity. However, many fractured environments of interest are associated with background rocks that can be regarded as largely impermeable for the the typical frequencies employed in seismic surveys. Nonetheless, there is evidence to suggest that the seemingly ubiquitous presence of damaged zones (DZs) associated with fractures may provide the necessary hydraulic communication between fractures and their immediate surroundings for FPD to occur. Here, we assess the pertinence of this phenomenon. To this end, we consider a 1D elastic‐poroelastic model, which comprises a poroelastic system consisting of a fracture embedded in adjacent DZ layers. This system is enclosed in an impermeable background represented by two elastic half‐spaces. We calculate the frequency‐dependent P‐wave reflectivity at normal incidence at the background‐DZ interface for different permeabilities, thicknesses, and porosities of the DZ. We also evaluate the corresponding normal fracture compliance. Our results show that, when accounting for the presence of a DZ surrounding an individual fracture, FPD effects between these regions induce a higher seismic reflectivity and a higher normal compliance compared to that of a hydraulically isolated fracture. This, in turn, implies that, even in largely impermeable environments, the seismic visibility of fractures can be enhanced through FPD enabled by the presence of DZs.

中文翻译:

低渗透率岩石中的断裂:与损伤带相关的孔隙弹性效应能否增强其地震能见度?

裂缝和多孔可渗透背景之间的流体压力扩散(FPD)可以增加裂缝的正常顺应性,从而增加裂缝的反射率。然而,许多感兴趣的破裂环境与背景岩石有关,对于地震勘测中使用的典型频率,背景岩石可以被认为是不可渗透的。尽管如此,有证据表明,与裂缝相关的损坏区(DZ)似乎无处不在,可能为裂缝和FPD的发生提供了裂缝及其周围环境之间的必要水力联系。在这里,我们评估这种现象的相关性。为此,我们考虑一维弹性-多孔弹性模型,该模型包括一个多孔弹性系统,该系统由嵌入相邻DZ层中的裂缝组成。该系统被封闭在一个由两个弹性半空间代表的不可渗透的背景中。我们针对DZ的不同磁导率,厚度和孔隙率,计算了背景DZ界面垂直入射时与频率有关的P波反射率。我们还评估了相应的正常骨折顺应性。我们的结果表明,考虑到单个裂缝周围存在DZ时,与水力隔离裂缝相比,这些区域之间的FPD效应会引起更高的地震反射率和更高的法向柔度。反过来,这意味着,即使在高度不可渗透的环境中,也可以通过存在DZ的FPD来增强裂缝的地震可见性。我们针对DZ的不同磁导率,厚度和孔隙率,计算了背景DZ界面垂直入射时与频率有关的P波反射率。我们还评估了相应的正常骨折顺应性。我们的结果表明,考虑到单个裂缝周围存在DZ时,与水力隔离裂缝相比,这些区域之间的FPD效应会引起更高的地震反射率和更高的法向柔度。反过来,这意味着,即使在高度不可渗透的环境中,也可以通过存在DZ的FPD来增强裂缝的地震可见性。我们针对DZ的不同磁导率,厚度和孔隙率,计算了背景DZ界面垂直入射时与频率有关的P波反射率。我们还评估了相应的正常骨折顺应性。我们的结果表明,考虑到单个裂缝周围存在DZ时,与水力隔离裂缝相比,这些区域之间的FPD效应会引起更高的地震反射率和更高的法向柔度。反过来,这意味着,即使在高度不可渗透的环境中,也可以通过存在DZ的FPD来增强裂缝的地震可见性。我们的结果表明,考虑到单个裂缝周围存在DZ时,与水力隔离裂缝相比,这些区域之间的FPD效应会引起更高的地震反射率和更高的法向柔度。反过来,这意味着,即使在高度不可渗透的环境中,也可以通过存在DZ的FPD来增强裂缝的地震可见性。我们的结果表明,考虑到单个裂缝周围存在DZ时,与水力隔离裂缝相比,这些区域之间的FPD效应会引起更高的地震反射率和更高的法向柔度。反过来,这意味着,即使在高度不可渗透的环境中,也可以通过存在DZ的FPD来增强裂缝的地震可见性。
更新日期:2021-05-17
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