This paper reviews the nature of substrate vibration within aquatic environments where seismic interface waves may travel along the surface of the substrate, generating high levels of particle motion. There are, however, few data on the ambient levels of particle motion close to the seabed and within the substrates of lakes and rivers. Nor is there information on the levels and the characteristics of the particle motion generated by anthropogenic sources in and on the substrate, which may have major effects upon fishes and invertebrates, all of which primarily detect particle motion. We therefore consider how to monitor substrate vibration and describe the information gained from modeling it. Unlike most acoustic modeling, we treat the substrate as a solid. Furthermore, we use a model where the substrate stiffness increases with depth but makes use of a wave that propagates with little or no dispersion. This shows the presence of higher levels of particle motion than those predicted from the acoustic pressures, and we consider the possible effects of substrate vibration upon fishes and invertebrates. We suggest that research is needed to examine the actual nature of substrate vibration and its effects upon aquatic animals.

中文翻译：

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基质振动及其对鱼类和无脊椎动物的潜在影响

本文回顾了水生环境中基板振动的本质，在该环境中，地震界面波可能会沿着基板表面传播，从而产生高水平的粒子运动。但是，关于靠近海床以及在湖泊和河流底物中的粒子运动的周围水平的数据很少。也没有关于由人为来源在基质内和基质上产生的粒子运动的水平和特征的信息，这可能对鱼类和无脊椎动物产生重大影响，所有这些鱼类和无脊椎动物主要检测粒子运动。因此，我们考虑如何监视基板振动并描述通过建模获得的信息。与大多数声学建模不同，我们将基板视为实体。此外，我们使用一个模型，其中基体刚度随深度增加，但利用的波传播很少或没有色散。这表明存在比声压预测的更高水平的粒子运动，并且我们考虑了底物振动对鱼类和无脊椎动物的可能影响。我们建议需要进行研究，以检查基质振动的实际性质及其对水生动物的影响。