In June 2018, an agreement between key EU institutions – the Commission, the European Parliament, and the European Council – was reached after a long-lasting discourse over the 2030 EU climate and energy policy package. This paper offers a comprehensive assessment of the EU package, with its three main targets: lower greenhouse gas emissions, higher renewable share in final energy consumption, and improved energy efficiency. We find that the renewable and energy-efficiency targets have been set so high that the derived emissions reduction exceeds the EU climate target. Hence, carbon prices are redundant in reaching the EU climate goal. This policy, however, is not cost efficient.

中文翻译：

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2030 年欧盟气候和能源政策一揽子计划中的碳价格是多余的吗？

2018 年 6 月，欧盟主要机构——委员会、欧洲议会和欧洲理事会——在对 2030 年欧盟气候和能源政策方案进行了长期讨论后达成了一项协议。本文对欧盟一揽子计划进行了全面评估，其中包括三个主要目标：降低温室气体排放、提高可再生能源在最终能源消耗中的份额以及提高能源效率。我们发现可再生能源和能源效率目标设定得如此之高，以至于衍生的减排量超过了欧盟的气候目标。因此，碳价格在实现欧盟气候目标方面是多余的。然而，这种政策并不具有成本效益。