Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to estimate industry-specific direct rebound effects and to relate these effects to industry energy efficiency programs. The rebound effect represents economic behavior that will offset energy savings from energy efficiency improvements. The paper focuses on four energy intense sectors in Sweden; pulp and paper, iron and steel, chemical, and mining, during 2001�2012. We apply a factor demand model that allows for asymmetric energy price responses, i.e. that firms respond differently to increasing and decreasing energy prices. The results show considerable rebound effects. For electricity and non-fossil fuels, efficiency improvements could even �backfire�. To mitigate this effect, policies, such as voluntary energy efficiency programs, should be combined with an increase in energy taxes if the ambition is to reduce overall energy use.

中文翻译：

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能源密集型产业的反弹效应：不对称价格响应的要素需求模型

摘要：本文的目的是估计特定于行业的直接回弹效应，并将这些效应与行业能效计划联系起来。反弹效应代表了经济行为，将抵消提高能效所节省的能源。本文重点介绍瑞典的四个能源密集型行业。纸浆和造纸，钢铁，化工和采矿，2001.2012年期间。我们应用了一个因素需求模型，该模型允许能源价格响应不对称，即企业对能源价格的上涨和下跌做出不同的反应。结果显示出相当大的反弹效果。对于电力和非化石燃料而言，提高效率甚至可能会适得其反。为了减轻这种影响，采取了一些政策，例如自愿性能源效率计划，