Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is highly efficient bioelectrochemical systems in which bacteria are utilized to oxidize the organic substrate and produce electricity. The main component of an MFCs is the anode, in which bacterial attachment is promoted and the generation and transfer of electrons occurs. Therefore, the interest of introducing novel and innovative anode materials for attaining a high performance of MFCs is a concern that is growing in the modern era. In this review article, different conventional and modern anode materials are briefly discussed considering their advantages and limitations. Among all, the natural biomass-derived materials were found as one of the best sources to meet the present challenges to utilize them as anodes in MFCs. The natural derived anodes presented some limitations which can be addressed through metal oxide composites as described in this article. The oxidation mechanism of pollutants on the surface of anode along with their bacterial interactions are also briefly summarized. This review is limited to the performance and development of the anode in MFCs.

微生物燃料电池（MFCs）是高效的生物电化学系统，其中的细菌被利用来氧化有机底物并产生电能。MFC的主要成分是阳极，在阳极中促进细菌附着并发生电子的产生和转移。因此，引入新颖和创新的阳极材料以实现MFC的高性能的兴趣在现代时代中日益引起关注。在这篇评论文章中，考虑到它们的优点和局限性，简要讨论了不同的常规和现代阳极材料。其中，天然生物质衍生的材料被认为是最好的资源之一，可以满足目前将其用作MFCs阳极的挑战。天然衍生的阳极存在一些局限性，可以通过本文所述的金属氧化物复合材料来解决。还简要总结了阳极表面污染物的氧化机理以及它们之间的细菌相互作用。这篇评论仅限于MFC中阳极的性能和开发。