This study aimed to investigate the associations between objectively measured sleep timing and habitual dietary intake among university students. We hypothesized that a later chronotype and larger social jetlag (SJL) are associated with an undesirable dietary intake. The 82 healthy university students included in this study were asked to undertake a seven-day wrist activity recording. All the participants also completed a self-administered questionnaire during the recording period, including questions on demographic characteristics and habitual dietary intakes. Dietary intake and the score for adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (food guide score) over the previous month were evaluated using a self-reported diet history questionnaire. Nocturnal sleep timing and total sleep time for each night were estimated using the recorded wrist activity. Chronotype was calculated as weekend (WE) mid-sleep time corrected for catch-up sleep on weekdays (WDs). SJL was calculated by subtracting WD mid-sleep time from WE mid-sleep time. Multivariable linear regression showed that a later chronotype was significantly (P < .05) associated with a lower consumption of eggs, greater consumption of grains, and lower food guide score. Multivariable linear regression also showed significant (P < .05) associations of a larger value in SJL with a lower total energy intake, lower consumption of grains, and greater consumption of sugar and confectioneries. The results suggest that chronotype and SJL may be differently associated with undesirable dietary intake in young adults. These findings have important implications for developing novel strategies, focusing on sleep timing, for improving dietary intakes and preventing lifestyle-related diseases.

本研究旨在调查客观测量的睡眠时间与大学生习惯性饮食摄入量之间的关联。我们假设较晚的睡眠类型和较大的社会时差 (SJL) 与不良的饮食摄入有关。本研究中包括的 82 名健康大学生被要求进行为期 7 天的手腕活动记录。在记录期间，所有参与者还完成了一份自我管理的问卷，包括关于人口特征和习惯性饮食摄入量的问题。使用自我报告的饮食史问卷评估上个月的膳食摄入量和遵守日本食品指南 Spinning Top 的分数（食品指南分数）。使用记录的手腕活动估计每晚的夜间睡眠时间和总睡眠时间。Chronotype 计算为周末 (WE) 中间睡眠时间，校正了工作日 (WD) 的补觉。SJL 是通过从 WE 中间睡眠时间中减去 WD 中间睡眠时间来计算的。多变量线性回归表明，较晚的时间型显着（P < .05) 与较低的鸡蛋消费、较多的谷物消费和较低的食物指南评分相关。多变量线性回归还显示，较大的 SJL 值与较低的总能量摄入、较低的谷物消耗以及更多的糖和糖果消耗之间存在显着的 ( P < .05) 关联。结果表明，睡眠型和 SJL 可能与年轻人的不良饮食摄入有不同的关联。这些发现对于开发新策略具有重要意义，这些策略侧重于睡眠时间、改善饮食摄入量和预防与生活方式相关的疾病。