Abstract

In contrast to animals, which complete organogenesis early in their development, plants continuously produce organs, and structures throughout their entire lifecycle. Plants achieve the continuous growth of organs through the initiation and maintenance of meristems that populate the plant body. Plants contain two apical meristems, one at the shoot and one root, to produce the lateral organs of the shoot and the cell files of the root, respectively. Additional meristems within the plant produce branches while others produce the cell types within the vasculature system. Throughout development, plants must balance producing organs and maintaining their meristems, which requires tightly controlled regulations. This review focuses on the various plant meristems, how cells within these meristems maintain their identity, and particularly the molecular players that regulate stem cell maintenance. In addition, we summarize cell types which share molecular features with meristems, but do not follow the same rules regarding maintenance, including pericycle and rachis founder cells. Together, these populations of cells contribute to the entire organogenesis of plants.

摘要

与动物相比，动物在发育的早期就完成了器官的形成，而植物则在整个生命周期中不断产生器官和结构。植物通过引发和维持分布在植物体内的分生组织来实现器官的持续生长。植物包含两个顶生分生组织，一个在芽上，一个根，分别产生芽的侧向器官和根的细胞锉。植物中的其他分生组织产生分支，而其他分生组织则产生脉管系统中的细胞类型。在整个开发过程中，植物必须平衡生产器官并保持其分生组织，这需要严格控制的法规。这篇评论着重于各种植物分生组织，这些分生组织中的细胞如何维持其身份，尤其是调节干细胞维持的分子。此外，我们总结了与分生组织具有分子特征但不遵循有关维护的相同规则的细胞类型，包括周轮细胞和rachis奠基细胞。这些细胞群体共同促进了植物的整个器官发生。