Internet, digitalisation and access to technology have transformed contemporary consumption patterns and habits. Whether or not these changes hold beneficial or detrimental implications for society is subject to ongoing debate. Specifically concerning the environmental impacts of online and omnichannel retail, claims have been made on both sides: crediting the efficiency of home deliveries versus individual shopping trips on the one hand and pointing out complex consumer behaviour on the other hand. Despite intensive research efforts, a solid consensus lacks. The disperse and contradicting scientific knowledge base that is currently available prevents policymakers and practitioners from implementing sustainability improving measures and from steering consumers towards sustainable practices. Supported by a systematic review of the literature, this article presents a framework for understanding the net environmental sustainability of shopping. The debate is broken down in three impact categories that need to be considered simultaneously: individual purchases, consumer behaviour and consumption geography. The majority of research articles focus on the environmental impact of purchasing a single item or a basket of items, in which in-store purchases are substituted by purchases online. Such studies conclude in favour of e-commerce. The balance shifts when taking changes in behaviour and geography into consideration. While behavioural reflections are on the rise, hardly any empirical work takes the spatial (re)organisation of businesses and consumers into account. The article surpasses the case-study approach and in doing so comprises the body of literature in a solid framework that is able to guide future discussions and research in more sustainable directions.

互联网，数字化和技术的使用已经改变了当代的消费方式和习惯。这些变化是否对社会产生有利或有害的影响，尚需不断辩论。特别是关于在线和全渠道零售对环境的影响，双方都提出了主张：一方面将送货上门的效率与个人购物之旅相提并论，另一方面指出了复杂的消费者行为。尽管进行了深入的研究，但仍缺乏可靠的共识。当前可用的分散且矛盾的科学知识基础使决策者和从业人员无法执行可持续性改进措施，也无法引导消费者采用可持续性实践。在对文献进行系统回顾的支持下，本文提出了一个框架，用于理解购物的净环境可持续性。辩论分为三个影响类别，需要同时考虑：个人购买，消费者行为和消费地理。大多数研究文章集中于购买单个商品或一篮子商品对环境的影响，其中以在线购买代替了店内购买。这些研究的结论是有利于电子商务。考虑到行为和地理位置的变化时，平衡会发生变化。尽管行为的思考正在增加，但几乎没有任何经验性的工作都考虑到企业和消费者的空间（重新）组织。