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Deep structure of the Pará-Maranhão/Barreirinhas passive margin in the equatorial Atlantic (NE Brazil)
Journal of South American Earth Sciences ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103322
Daniel Aslanian , Flora Gallais , Alexandra Afilhado , Philippe Schnurle , Maryline Moulin , Mikael Evain , Nuno Dias , Jose Soares , Reinhart Fuck , Otaviano da Cruz Pessoa Neto , Adriano Viana

The Pará-Maranhão/Barreirinhas margin, North Brazil, is a pull-apart passive margin, with two strike-slip borders, formed during the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean during Cretaceous time. Its geometry and evolution are speculative due to the lack of information on the crustal structure and the crustal nature. We present here the E-W profiles of the MAGIC (Margins of brAzil, Ghana and Ivory Coast) deep seismic experiment, a joint project between French and Brazilian universities, research institutes and the industry. Fifty-six Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) and a 4.5 seismic streamer were deployed at sea along 2 of the 5 MAGIC profiles. One profile was extended onshore by installing 8 land stations. We perform forward modelling through combined interpretation of the multichannel seismic and of the main reflected and refracted of these phases recorded by the OBSs. The final P-wave velocity models reveal distinct structural domains from onshore Brazil towards the Atlantic Ocean characterized by variations of the crustal thicknesses and velocities: (1) an unthinned continental crust below the São Luís Craton, where the crust is 33 km thick, (2) a 60 km wide necking domain below the Ilha de Santana Platform; (3) offshore, east of the continental slope, a 10 km-thick deep sedimentary basin underlain by a 5 km thick crust with velocity of 6.2–6.9 km/s that we interpret as an exhumed lower continental crust, on the top of an Anomalous Velocity Layer (AVL) probably made of intrusions of mantle-derived melts into the lower continental crust, or a mixture of them; (4) eastwards, the limit of the previous domain is marked by NW-SE aligned volcanoes and the disappearance of the AVL. The sedimentary succession becomes thinner (6 km) overlaying a proto-oceanic crust characterized by seismic velocities higher than “normal” oceanic crust in its upper part, but in continuity with the velocity described in the previous domain; (5) followed by a more characteristic but thin oceanic crust.

The middle/lower continental crust seems not only to have a crucial role in the genesis of the passive margin but also to be involved in the genesis of the first oceanic crust. The passage to a typical oceanic crust seems to have occurred progressively by steps: first in the deeper layer by the setup of more and more intrusions of mantle-derived melts at the base of the crust or mixture of exhumed lower crust and mantle, producing a domain of proto-oceanic crust, then by the emplacement of an upper 1-2 km-thick layer with typical oceanic characteristics.



中文翻译:

赤道大西洋(巴西东北)的Pará-Maranhão/ Barreirinhas被动缘的深层结构

巴西北部的Pará-Maranhão/ Barreirinhas边缘是拉开的被动边缘,具有两个走滑边界,形成于白垩纪赤道大西洋开放期间。由于缺乏有关地壳结构和地壳性质的信息,其几何形状和演化具有推测性。我们在这里介绍MAGIC(br A zil,G hana和I vory C的M精氨酸的EW分布图oast)深地震实验,这是法国和巴西的大学,研究机构和工业界的一项联合项目。在5个MAGIC剖面中的2个剖面上,在海上部署了56个海底地震仪(OBS)和4.5个地震拖缆。通过安装8个陆地站,陆上的一处轮廓得以扩展。我们通过对多通道地震以及OBS记录的这些相的主要反射和折射的组合解释来进行正演建模。最终的P波速度模型揭示了从巴西陆上到大西洋的独特结构域,其特征是地壳厚度和速度的变化:(1)在圣路易斯克雷顿以下的未薄大陆壳,该壳的厚度为33 km,( 2)Ilha de Santana平台下方60公里宽的缩颈区域;(3)离岸,在大陆坡以东,一个异常的速度层(AVL)的顶部,有一个10 km厚的深沉积盆地,下面有一个5 km厚的地壳,速度为6.2–6.9 km / s,我们将其解释为一个发掘的下部大陆壳。 )可能是由地幔衍生的熔体侵入下部大陆壳或它们的混合物制成的;(4)向东,前一个区域的界限以西北西向对齐的火山和AVL的消失为标志。沉积层序变薄(6 km),覆盖着原始海洋的地壳,其特征是地震速度高于其上部的“正常”海洋地壳,但与先前领域中描述的速度保持连续;(5)其次是特征性强但稀薄的洋壳。一个10 km厚的深沉积盆地,下面有一个5 km厚的地壳,速度为6.2–6.9 km / s,我们认为这是一个发掘出的下部大陆壳,位于异常速度层(AVL)的顶部,可能是由侵入岩构成的。来自地幔的融化物进入下部大陆壳或它们的混合物;(4)向东,以前的区域的界限以西北西向对齐的火山和AVL的消失为标志。沉积层序变薄(6 km),覆盖着原始海洋的地壳,其特征是地震速度高于其上部的“正常”海洋地壳,但与先前领域中描述的速度保持连续;(5)其次是特征性强但稀薄的洋壳。一个10 km厚的深沉积盆地,下面有一个5 km厚的地壳,速度为6.2–6.9 km / s,我们认为这是一个发掘出的下部大陆壳,位于异常速度层(AVL)的顶部,可能是由侵入岩构成的。来自地幔的融化物进入下部大陆壳或它们的混合物;(4)向东,以前的区域的界限以西北西向对齐的火山和AVL的消失为标志。沉积层序变薄(6 km),覆盖着原始海洋的地壳,其特征是地震速度高于其上部的“正常”海洋地壳,但与先前领域中描述的速度保持连续;(5)其次是特征性强但稀薄的洋壳。在异常速度层(AVL)的顶部,该异常层可能是由地幔衍生的熔体侵入下部大陆壳或它们的混合物制成的;(4)向东,以前的区域的界限以西北西向对齐的火山和AVL的消失为标志。沉积层序变薄(6 km),覆盖着原始海洋的地壳,其特征是地震速度高于其上部的“正常”海洋地壳,但与先前领域中描述的速度保持连续;(5)其次是特征性强但稀薄的洋壳。在异常速度层(AVL)的顶部,该异常层可能是由地幔衍生的熔体侵入下部大陆壳或它们的混合物制成的;(4)向东,以前的区域的界限以西北西向对齐的火山和AVL的消失为标志。沉积层序变薄(6 km),覆盖着原始海洋的地壳,其特征是地震速度高于其上部的“正常”海洋地壳,但与先前领域中描述的速度保持连续;(5)其次是特征性强但稀薄的洋壳。沉积层序变薄(6 km),覆盖着原始海洋的地壳,其特征是地震速度高于其上部的“正常”海洋地壳,但与先前领域中描述的速度保持连续;(5)其次是特征性强但稀薄的洋壳。沉积层序变薄(6 km),覆盖着原始海洋的地壳,其特征是地震速度高于其上部的“正常”海洋地壳,但与先前领域中描述的速度保持连续;(5)其次是特征性强但稀薄的洋壳。

中/下部大陆壳似乎不仅在被动边缘的成因中起着至关重要的作用,而且还参与了第一个海洋壳的成因。进入典型洋壳的过程似乎是逐步进行的:首先是在更深的一层中,在地壳底部或发掘出的下部地壳和地幔的混合物中形成越来越多的地幔衍生熔体侵入,从而形成了一个深海地壳。然后由上层1-2公里厚的具有典型海洋特征的上层的位置来定位。

更新日期:2021-04-23
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