Emerging contaminants (ECs) have been studied extensively because of the various damages they can cause to the environment, especially due to the non-treated domestic effluents, which contaminate the water bodies. Therefore, it is important to evaluate alternatives to remove these compounds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of a new biosorbent from chitosan modified with vanillin (CTSV) to remove isoniazid, cortisol, bisphenol A, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and triclosan by competitive adsorption studies. Structural characterization of the biosorbents was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance. The adsorption for ECs were carried out in an aqueous medium, and quantitative analyzes were performed by HPLC. The effect of pH was evaluated in the pH range 5 to 10 and indicated that better results were found in pH 9 and 8 for CTS and CTSV, respectively. The salt concentrations effect was evaluated in 0.0 to 1.0 mol L⁻¹ and revealed better adsorption conditions in 0.7 mol L⁻¹ of NaCl. The adsorption kinetics pointed to an equilibrium condition reached quickly (with adjustment of data R² > 0.969) with adequacy to pseudo–second-order model for both biosorbents and ECs. The linear isothermal model was suitable for the adsorption isothermal data and distribution constant (K_D) showed the highest values for 17α-ethinylestradiol (0.067 L g⁻¹) and triclosan (0.197 L g⁻¹) in CTSV adsorption. Thus, the results indicated that CTSV performed well in removal for the tested ECs, being an interesting alternative, due to the ease of obtaining and abundance of reagents employed in its preparation.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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壳聚糖与壳聚糖-香兰素修饰：对五个新兴污染物竞争性吸附的评价。

由于新兴污染物（ECs）可能对环境造成各种损害，因此对它们进行了广泛的研究，特别是由于未经处理的生活污水污染了水体。因此，评估去除这些化合物的替代方法很重要。这项工作的目的是通过竞争性吸附研究评估用香草醛（CTSV）改性的脱乙酰壳多糖的新型生物吸附剂去除异烟肼，皮质醇，双酚A，17α-炔雌醇和三氯生的潜力。生物吸附剂的结构表征是通过傅立叶变换红外光谱，热重分析，Brunauer-Emmett-Teller，ζ电位，扫描电子显微镜和^{1进行的。}H核磁共振。ECs的吸附在水性介质中进行，并通过HPLC进行定量分析。在5至10的pH范围内评估了pH的影响，结果表明CTS和CTSV的pH分别为9和8更好。在0.0至1.0 mol L ^-1的条件下评估了盐浓度的影响，发现在0.7 mol L ^-1的NaCl中具有更好的吸附条件。吸附动力学表明平衡条件很快达到（通过调整数据R ² > 0.969），足以满足生物吸附剂和EC的拟二级模型的要求。线性等温模型适用于吸附等温数据和分布常数（K _D）在CTSV吸附中显示17α-炔雌醇（0.067 L g ^-1）和三氯生（0.197 L g ^-1）的最高值。因此，结果表明，CTSV在被测EC的去除方面表现良好，这是一个有趣的选择，因为它易于获得且制备中所用试剂丰富。

图形概要