This study investigated the influence of first language (L1) phoneme features and phonetic salience on discrimination of second language (L2) American English (AE) vowels. On a perceptual task, L2 adult learners of English with Spanish, Japanese or Russian as an L1 showed poorer discrimination of the spectral-only difference between /æ:/ as the oddball (deviant) among frequent /ɑ:/ stimuli compared to AE controls. The Spanish listeners showed a significant difference from the controls for the spectral-temporal contrast between /ɑ:/ and /ʌ/ for both perception and the neural Mismatch Negativity (MMN), but only for deviant /ɑ:/ versus /ʌ/ (duration decrement). For deviant /ʌ/ versus /ɑ:/, and for deviant /æ:/ versus /ʌ/ or /ɑ:/, all participants showed equivalent MMN amplitude. The asymmetrical pattern for /ɑ:/ and /ʌ/ suggested that L2 phonetic detail was maintained only for the deviant. These findings indicated that discrimination was more strongly influenced by L1 phonology than phonetic salience.

中文翻译：

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日语、俄语和西班牙语二语英语学习者对美式英语元音辨别的神经时程研究

本研究调查了第一语言 (L1) 音素特征和语音显着性对第二语言 (L2) 美国英语 (AE) 元音辨别的影响。在感知任务中，与 AE 对照相比，以西班牙语、日语或俄语作为 L1 的 L2 成人英语学习者对 /æ:/ 作为频繁 /ɑ:/ 刺激中的古怪（异常）之间的光谱差异的辨别能力较差. 西班牙听众对 /ɑ:/ 和 /ʌ/ 之间的频谱-时间对比的控制显示出显着差异，用于感知和神经失配负性 (MMN)，但仅适用于异常 /ɑ:/ 与 /ʌ/ (持续时间减少）。对于异常 /ʌ/ 与 /ɑ:/，以及异常 /æ:/ 与 /ʌ/ 或 /ɑ:/，所有参与者都表现出相同的 MMN 幅度。/ɑ的不对称模式：/ 和 /ʌ/ 建议只为越轨者保留 L2 语音细节。这些发现表明，与语音显着性相比，L1 语音对歧视的影响更大。