Abstract. The European drought of 1921 is assessed in terms of its impacts on society and in terms of its physical characteristics. The development of impacts of the drought are categorized by a systematic survey of newspaper reports from five European newspapers covering the area from England to the Czech Republic and other parts of Europe. This is coupled to a reconstruction of daily temperature and precipitation based on (rescued) meteorological measurements to quantify the drought severity and extent, and reanalysis data is used to identify its drivers. This analysis shows that the first impacts of the drought started to appear in early spring and lingered on until well into autumn and winter, affecting water supply and agriculture and livestock farming. The dominant impact in western Europe is on agriculture and livestock farming while in central Europe the effects of wildfires were reported on most often. The peak in the number of reports is in late summer. Preceeding the first impacts was the dry autumn of 1920 and winter 1920/1921. The area hardest hit by the drought in the following spring and summer was the triangle between Brussels, Paris and Lyon, but a vast stretch of the continent, from Ireland to the Ukraine, was affected. The reported impacts on water supply and water borne transport in that region were matched by an analysis of the hydrological situation over the Seine catchment. On average, the 1921 summer was not particularly hot but the heat wave which was observed at the end of July saw temperatures matching those of the heatwaves in modern summers. Similar to modern droughts, an anticyclone was present roughly over the British Isles, maintaining sunny and dry weather in Europe and steering away cyclones to the north. Its persistence makes it exceptional in comparison to modern droughts. The 1921 drought stands-out as the most severe and most wide-spread drought in Europe since the start of the 20th century. While none of the seasons in 1920 and 1921 tops the scale of having the largest precipitation deficit on record, the conservative nature of drought amplifies the lack of precipitation in autumn and winter into the following spring and summer.

中文翻译：

---

1921年的欧洲干旱：影响，重建与动因

摘要。根据对社会的影响和自然特征来评估1921年的欧洲干旱。干旱影响的发展可通过对覆盖英格兰，捷克共和国和欧洲其他地区的五家欧洲报纸的报纸报道进行系统调查来分类。这与基于（已救援的）气象测量结果重建每日温度和降水量相结合，以量化干旱的严重程度和程度，并使用重新分析数据来确定其驱动因素。该分析表明，干旱的最初影响始于早春，一直持续到秋季和冬季，影响了供水，农业和畜牧业。西欧的主要影响是对农业和畜牧业的影响，而在中欧，经常发生野火的影响。报告数量的高峰是在夏末。最早的影响是1920年干燥的秋季和1920/1921年的冬季。接下来的春季和夏季，干旱最严重的地区是布鲁塞尔，巴黎和里昂之间的三角地带，但从爱尔兰到乌克兰，整个非洲大陆受到了很大的影响。通过对塞纳河集水区的水文状况进行分析，对报告的对该地区供水和水上运输的影响进行了分析。平均而言，1921年的夏季不是特别热，但是在7月底观察到的热浪的温度与现代夏季的热浪相匹配。类似于现代干旱，在不列颠群岛上空大约出现了一个反旋风，维持了欧洲晴朗和干燥的天气，并把旋风带到了北部。与现代干旱相比，它的持久性使其与众不同。自20世纪初以来，1921年的干旱是欧洲最严重，分布最广的干旱。尽管1920年和1921年的任何一个季节都没有出现有记录以来最大的降水赤字，但干旱的保守性加剧了秋季和冬季以及随后的春季和夏季降水的缺乏。自20世纪初以来，1921年的干旱是欧洲最严重，分布最广的干旱。尽管1920年和1921年的任何一个季节都没有出现有记录以来最大的降水赤字，但干旱的保守性加剧了秋季和冬季以及随后的春季和夏季降水的缺乏。自20世纪初以来，1921年的干旱是欧洲最严重，分布最广的干旱。尽管1920年和1921年的任何一个季节都没有出现有记录以来最大的降水赤字，但干旱的保守性加剧了秋季和冬季以及随后的春季和夏季降水的缺乏。