This article examines two arguments for the optionality of raising in Japanese exceptional-Case-marking constructions and proposes that certain observations can be accounted for even if we assume that raising is obligatory. Specifically, I contend that the distributions of exceptionally Case-marked wh negative-polarity items and of embedded adjuncts, both of which have been cited as evidence for the optionality of raising, can be reconciled with the obligatory-raising analysis. I propose (i) that the distribution of wh negative-polarity items obeys a condition defined in terms of Transfer domains and (ii) that A-movement allows adjuncts to take a “free ride.” Some consequences for the licensing of wh negative-polarity items and for free-ride effects are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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重新考虑在日本特殊情况标记构造中进行加价的可能性

本文研究了在日本例外情况标记构造中是否可以进行加注的两个论点，并提出即使我们认为加注是强制性的，也可以考虑某些观察结果。具体而言，我争辩说的特别案例标志着分布WH负极性项目和嵌入式附属物的，两者都被引用作为提高的可选性的证据，能够与义务，提高分析不甘心。我建议（i）该分布WH负极性项目在服从转移域和方面定义的条件（ii）该A-运动允许助剂采取“搭便车”。Wh许可的一些后果 负极性项目和搭便车的影响也进行了讨论。