This study describes the primary chacteristics of the selected stalagmites from the four caves in southern Turkey and interprets their formation via petrographic, SEM–EDX, XRD, ICP–AES and stable isotope techniques. The analytical results show that the stalagmites are composed of low Mg-calcite associated with trace to small amount of impurities such as clays. Lamination is characteristic in all the stalagmites and mainly includes sparitic and micritic growth layers. In the sparitic layers, columnar crystal fabric is common together with rare dendritic fabric. The columnar fabric consists of elongated calcite crystals and indicates slow inorganic precipitation. Whereas the dendritic fabric consists of fibrous-like calcite crystals oriented at two directions, and is related to the colonization of fungus and later their calcification indicating growth interruptions. Micritic growth layers characterize relatively rapid precipitation. The stable isotope (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) values suggest precipitation mainly from meteoric water and reflect the effect of the seawater by wash over or splash action in the stalagmite sample of Güvercinlik Cave located at sea level. The small variations in the δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values are mainly controlled by amount of rainfall due to the seasonal changes and also input of seawater. Rainy periods are characterized by the relatively more negative δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values and low contents of trace elements. Sea water input significantly increases the δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C, Na₂O, MgO, Sr and Ba values.

这项研究描述了从土耳其南部四个洞穴中选择的石笋的主要特征，并通过岩石学，SEM-EDX，XRD，ICP-AES和稳定同位素技术解释了它们的形成。分析结果表明，石笋由低镁方解石组成，伴有微量杂质，如粘土。层压是所有石笋的特征，主要包括晶格和微晶生长层。在晶界层中，柱状晶体织物与稀有的树突状织物共同存在。柱状织物由细长的方解石晶体组成，显示出缓慢的无机沉淀。树枝状织物由取向在两个方向的纤维状方解石晶体组成，并与真菌定植有关，后来与它们的钙化有关，表明生长受到干扰。微变生长层的特征是相对较快的降水。稳定同位素（δ¹⁸ O和δ ¹³ C）值表明沉淀主要是从大气水和反映海水通过洗涤过位于海平面Güvercinlik洞的石笋样品中的效果或喷溅动作。在δ的小的变化¹⁸ O和δ ^13个C值主要由降雨量因季节的变化，并且还海水的输入控制。雨季的特征是相对更负δ ¹⁸ O和δ ^13个C值和微量元素的含量低。海水输入显著增加δ ¹⁸ O，δ ¹³ C，钠₂ O，MgO的，Sr和Ba的值。