Abstract

Forty-nine accessions were collected from arid and semi-arid areas of Pakistan to explore adaptive components in red-grained wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Single-line selections of these accessions were grown on an arid and a control site; that is, Uchkera Farm (UF) and Botanical Garden (BG), Faisalabad. The accessions grown at BG exhibited significantly better biomass and grain yield production than those grown at UF. Accession Ck5 from Chakwal produced the maximum grain yield (17.7 g plant⁻¹) at BG and Jm3 (8.1 g plant⁻¹) at UF. Among the eight accessions selected for further anatomical studies, Dg2 showed increased yield per plant at UF, which was related to root modifications like increased cortical region thickness, endodermal cell area, vascular region thickness, metaxylem area, and root hair length. Stem modifications included increased vascular bundle area, phloem area and stomatal density, while leaves showed increased cuticle thickness, bulliform cell thickness, trichome density, and length. Increased stomatal density and area were also found. Accession Jm3 showed a decrease in yield at UF. Root modifications in Jm3 included increased epidermal cell area, sclerenchymatous thickness, endodermal cell area, and root hair length. Stem modifications in this accession included increased stem cellular region thickness and sclerenchymatous cell area. Leaves had increased abaxial epidermal cell area, trichome number and length, and abaxial stomatal density. In conclusion, morpho-anatomical characteristics varied greatly in the red-grained wheat accessions at both experimental sites that have potential for incorporation into breeding efforts for drought tolerance in modern wheat cultivars.

摘要

从巴基斯坦干旱和半干旱地区收集了 49 份材料，以探索红粒小麦 ( Triticum aestivum L.) 的适应性成分。这些种质的单系选择生长在干旱和对照地点；即，费萨拉巴德的 Uchkera 农场 (UF) 和植物园 (BG)。在 BG 生长的种质比在 UF 生长的种质表现出显着更好的生物量和谷物产量。从杰格瓦尔加入CK5产生的最大产量（17.7克植物^-1在BG和JM3（8.1克植物）^-1) 在 UF。在选择用于进一步解剖学研究的 8 个种质中，Dg2 显示在 UF 下每株植物的产量增加，这与根部修饰有关，如增加的皮质区域厚度、内胚层细胞面积、血管区域厚度、后木质部面积和根毛长度。茎的修饰包括增加的维管束面积、韧皮部面积和气孔密度，而叶子显示出增加的角质层厚度、牛状细胞厚度、毛状体密度和长度。还发现气孔密度和面积增加。Jm3 品种在 UF 下产量下降。Jm3 中的根修饰包括增加的表皮细胞面积、厚壁组织厚度、内胚层细胞面积和根毛长度。该种质中的茎修饰包括增加的干细胞区域厚度和厚壁细胞面积。叶子具有增加的背面表皮细胞面积、毛状体数量和长度以及背面气孔密度。总之，两个实验地点的红粒小麦种质的形态解剖特征差异很大，有可能纳入现代小麦品种的耐旱育种工作。