Introduction: Mentalization concerns the human ability to understand the actions of others (and ourselves) in terms of intentional mental states. Often the notion is understood and described via the poles of automatic, non-verbal implicit mentalization as opposed to conscious, verbal explicit mentalization. In this article we challenge this standard division by examining examples from psychotherapy while arguing that explicit mentalization can also be carried out via embodied non-verbal actions. Method: Four cases of real-life interaction from psychotherapy sessions are analysed from the perspective of multimodal interaction analysis and re-enactment. The analyses are based on video data transformed into transcriptions and anonymized drawings from a larger cognitive ethnography study conducted at a psychiatric Hospital in Denmark. On a theoretical level the analyses are informed b a more intersubjective perspective on mentalization in combination with new insights from embodied cognition. Results: The analyses demonstrate the gradual development from predominantly implicit mentalizing to predominantly explicit mentalizing. In the latter part of the examples the mentalizing activity is initiated by the therapist on an embodied level, but in an enlarged and complex manner indicating a higher level of awareness, imagination and reflection. Thus, the standard assumption of explicit mentalization as contingent on verbal language is challenged since it is demonstrated how processes of explicit mentalization can also take place on an embodied level without the use of words. Conclusion: This article presents a model for investigating the processes of implicit and explicit mentalization as a gradual phenomenon interwoven with embodied dynamics in real life interaction. Thus, the analyses establish a window into how mentalization is in fact carried out by psychotherapists through interaction that testifies to the importance of embodied non-verbal behavior in psychotherapy. Further, informed by the notion of affordance-space the study, on a more general level, points to alternative ways of thinking about the role of our bodies and the environment in conveying more complex understandings of other people.

中文翻译：

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心智化的身体：在心理治疗中不加言语地进行明显的心理化

简介：心理化涉及人类根据故意的心理状态理解他人（和我们自己）的行为的能力。通常，这种概念是通过自动的，非语言的隐性心理状态与有意识的，言语明确的心理状态相反的两极来理解和描述的。在本文中，我们通过研究心理治疗的实例来挑战这一标准划分，同时主张通过明确的非言语行为也可以进行明确的心理治疗。方法：从多模式互动分析和重新制定的角度分析了心理治疗会议中发生的四例现实生活中的互动。这些分析基于在丹麦一家精神病医院进行的一项较大的认知人种学研究中转换成转录本和匿名图纸的视频数据。从理论上讲，这些分析是从主体间的心理研究视角出发，并结合了来自具体认知的新见识。结果：分析表明，从以内隐为主的心理化到以显性为主的心理化是逐渐发展的。在示例的后半部分中，心理治疗活动是由治疗师在具体水平上发起的，但是以放大而复杂的方式表示了更高水平的意识，想象力和反思能力。因此，挑战显式心理化的标准假设取决于口头语言，因为这证明了显式心理化的过程也可以在不使用单词的情况下在体现的水平上进行。结论：本文提供了一个模型，用于研究隐式和显式心理化过程，将其作为一种渐进现象，与现实生活中的体现动力交织在一起。因此，分析为了解心理治疗师如何通过互动进行心理活动提供了一个窗口，这证明了心理疗法中体现的非言语行为的重要性。此外，在负担空间的概念的指导下，该研究在更一般的水平上指出了替代方法，以考虑我们的身体和环境在传达其他人更复杂的理解方面的作用。这些分析为了解心理治疗师如何通过互动进行心理活动提供了一个窗口，这证明了心理疗法中体现的非言语行为的重要性。此外，在负担空间的概念的指导下，该研究在更一般的水平上指出了替代方法，以考虑我们的身体和环境在传达其他人更复杂的理解方面的作用。这些分析为了解心理治疗师如何通过互动进行心理活动提供了一个窗口，这证明了心理疗法中体现的非言语行为的重要性。此外，在负担空间的概念的指导下，该研究在更一般的水平上指出了替代方法，以考虑我们的身体和环境在传达其他人更复杂的理解方面的作用。