Moral foundations research suggests that liberals care about moral values related to individual rights such as harm and fairness, while conservatives care about those foundations in addition to caring more about group rights such as loyalty, authority, and purity. However, the question remains about how conservatives and liberals differ in relation to group-level moral principles. We used two versions of the moral foundations questionnaire with the target group being either abstract or specific ingroups or outgroups. Across three studies, we observed that liberals showed more endorsement of Individualizing Index (Harm and Fairness foundations) with an outgroup target, while conservatives showed more endorsement of Binding Index (Loyalty, Authority and Purity foundations) with an ingroup target. This general pattern was found when the framed, target-group was abstract (i.e. ‘ingroups’ and ‘outgroups’ in Study 1) and when target groups were specified about a general British-ingroup and an immigrant-outgroup (Studies 2 & 3). In Studies 2 and 3, both Individualizing-Ingroup Preference and Binding-Ingroup Preference scores predicted more Attitude Bias and more Negative Attitude Bias toward immigrants (Studies 2 & 3), more Implicit Bias (Study 3), and more Perceived Threat from immigrants (Studies 2 & 3). We also demonstrated that increasing liberalism was associated with less Attitude Bias and less Negative Bias toward immigrants (Studies 2 & 3), less Implicit Bias (Study 3), and less Perceived Threat from immigrants (Studies 2 & 3). Outgroup-individualizing foundations and Ingroup-Binding foundations showed different patterns of mediation of these effects.

中文翻译：

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超越群体内的道德：自由主义者和保守派在基于群体的道德基础上表现出差异，这些差异介导了与感知的偏见和威胁的关系

道德基础研究表明，自由主义者关心与个人权利有关的道德价值观，例如伤害和公平，而保守主义者除了关心诸如忠诚，权威和纯洁之类的群体权利外，还关心这些基础。但是，问题仍然是保守派和自由派在群体层面的道德原则上有何不同。我们使用了两种形式的道德基础问卷，目标群体是抽象的或特定的小组或小组。在三项研究中，我们观察到自由主义者对个体化指数（Harm和Fairness基金会）的认可程度更高，而群体目标则对保守主义者对约束指数（忠诚度，权威性和纯净度基金会）的认可程度更高。这种一般样式是在装裱时发现的，目标群体是抽象的（即研究1中的“群体”和“群体”），并且当目标群体被指定为一般的英国群体和移民群体时（研究2和3）。在研究2和研究3中，个性化组内偏好和约束组内偏好得分都预测出对移民的态度偏向和消极态度偏向（研究2和3），内隐偏向（研究3）更多，对移民的感知威胁（研究2和3）。我们还证明，自由主义程度的提高与对移民的态度偏向和负面偏见减少（研究2和3），对内隐偏见的减少（研究3）和对移民的感知威胁较少（研究2和3）有关。群体外个体化基金会和群体内结合基金会表现出这些效应的不同中介模式。