This paper proposes an on-line estimation method able to track the inertia of synchronous machines as well as the equivalent, possibly time-varying inertia from the converter-interfaced generators. For power electronics devices, the droop gain of the Fast Frequency Response (FFR) is also determined as a byproduct of the inertia estimation. The proposed method is shown to be robust against noise and to track accurately the inertia of synchronous generators, virtual synchronous generators with constant and adaptive inertia, and wind power plants with inclusion of energy storage-based frequency control.

中文翻译：

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同步和非同步设备的在线惯量估计

本文提出了一种在线估计方法，该方法能够跟踪同步电机的惯性以及与变流器相连的发电机的等效，可能随时间变化的惯性。对于电力电子设备，还将快速频率响应（FFR）的下降增益确定为惯性估计的副产品。所提出的方法显示出对噪声的鲁棒性，并且能够精确地跟踪同步发电机，具有恒定和自适应惯量的虚拟同步发电机以及包括基于能量存储的频率控制的风力发电厂的惯性。