Background

Cocaine is the most commonly reported illicit stimulant used in the U.S., yet limited research has examined recent changes in cocaine use patterns and co-occurring substance use and mental health characteristics among adults using cocaine.

Methods

Self-report data from adults (age 18 years or older) participating in the 2006 to 2019 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were used to estimate trends in prevalence of past-year cocaine use by demographic characteristics, cocaine use disorder, cocaine injection, frequency of use. For 2018–2019, prevalence of co-occurring past-year use of other illicit and prescription substances and mental health characteristics were estimated. Multivariable logistic regression examined demographic, substance use, and mental health characteristics associated with past-year cocaine use in 2018–2019.

Results

The annual average estimated prevalence of past-year cocaine use among adults was highest in 2006–2007 (2.51%), declined to 1.72% in 2010–2011, and then increased to 2.14% in 2018–2019. The annual average estimated prevalence of past-year cocaine use disorder was highest in 2006–2007 (0.71%) and declined to 0.37% in 2018–2019. Characteristics associated with higher adjusted odds of past-year cocaine use included: males; ages 18–49; Hispanic ethnicity; income <$20,000; large or small metro counties; use of other substances (nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, sedative/tranquilizers, prescription opioids, prescription stimulants, heroin, and methamphetamine); and serious psychological distress and suicidal ideation or attempt.

Conclusion

Additional efforts to support prevention and response capacity in communities, expand linkages to care and retention for substance use and mental health, and enhance collaborations between public health and public safety are needed.

中文翻译：

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2006-2019 年美国成年人可卡因使用的趋势和相关性

背景

可卡因是美国最常报告的非法兴奋剂，但有限的研究调查了可卡因使用模式的最新变化以及使用可卡因的成年人的共同物质使用和心理健康特征。

方法

参与 2006 年至 2019 年全国药物使用和健康调查 (NSDUH) 的成年人（18 岁或以上）的自我报告数据用于按人口特征、可卡因使用障碍、可卡因注射液，使用频率。对于 2018-2019 年，估计了过去一年同时使用其他非法和处方药的流行率以及心理健康特征。多变量逻辑回归检查了 2018-2019 年与上一年可卡因使用相关的人口统计、物质使用和心理健康特征。

结果

2006-2007 年成人可卡因使用年平均估计流行率最高 (2.51%)，2010-2011 年下降至 1.72%，然后在 2018-2019 年上升至 2.14%。过去一年可卡因使用障碍的年平均估计流行率在 2006-2007 年最高 (0.71%)，并在 2018-2019 年下降到 0.37%。与过去一年使用可卡因的调整后几率较高相关的特征包括：男性；18-49 岁；西班牙裔；收入 < 20,000 美元；大或小的都会县；使用其他物质（尼古丁、酒精、大麻、镇静剂/镇静剂、处方阿片类药物、处方兴奋剂、海洛因和甲基苯丙胺）；严重的心理困扰和自杀念头或企图。

结论

需要做出更多努力来支持社区的预防和应对能力，扩大与物质使用和心理健康护理和保留的联系，并加强公共卫生与公共安全之间的合作。