ABSTRACT

Between 1945 and the late 1960s, a large number of Yiddish-speaking Jews lived in Paris where most of them had settled before World War II. In the aftermath of the war, Parisian Yiddish culture – as everywhere else – was deeply marked by the Holocaust and destruction of Yiddish life in Eastern Europe. As the Yiddish dimension of Holocaust memory has mainly been studied through the prism of literature, testimony, and historiography, this essay aims to explore the place accorded to Yiddish in Parisian Jewish commemorations, defined as ceremonies involving different categories of actors, and offering a narrative of the past through speeches, specific places, and rituals. To address this subject, I analyze first the commemorative functions attributed to the Yiddish language, as well as the ways in which it was used to collectively remember the catastrophe. Second, I study the conflicts launched by commemorative uses of Yiddish between Jewish subgroups and between generations. By doing so, my paper intends to consider Yiddish culture after 1945 as a fundamental, but also polemical, element in the production of commemorative practices among Parisian Jews during the two decades following the Liberation.

摘要

在1945年至1960年代后期之间，大量讲英语的意第绪犹太人居住在巴黎，他们中的大多数人在第二次世界大战之前就定居了。战争结束后，巴黎的依第绪文化与其他地方一样，以东欧的依第绪生活的大屠杀和破坏为特征。由于大屠杀记忆的意第绪维度主要是通过文学，证词和史学的角度研究的，因此本文旨在探讨意第绪语在巴黎犹太人纪念活动中所处的位置，后者被定义为涉及不同类型演员的仪式，并提供叙述通过演讲，特定的地点和仪式来回顾过去。为了解决这个问题，我首先分析归功于意第绪语的纪念功能，以及用来集体记住这场灾难的方式。其次，我研究了犹太人子群之间以及世代之间因意第绪语的纪念性使用而引发的冲突。通过这样做，我的论文打算将1945年后的意第绪文化视为解放后的二十年间巴黎犹太人在纪念活动中产生的基本要素，也是具有争议性的要素。