Frequent water traffic accidents pose severe threats to human life and property safety, the water environment, and adverse effects on social stability. Understanding historical accidents is essential for accident prevention and risk mitigation. However, at present, research on the comprehensive statistical analysis of characteristics and causes of ship accidents that occurred in the inland water areas of the Yangtze River, especially in the fluctuating backwater area (FBA) of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region, is still scanty, even less a hierarchical and systematic analysis framework. Therefore, this paper proposes a comprehensive ship accident characteristics and causes analysis framework, and summarizes and visualizes the characteristics of ship accidents through the statistical and comparative analysis of historical data in terms of categories and severity of accidents, ship types involved in accidents, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, ship accident losses, and root causes and lessons learned from the related accidents. In order to demonstrate the value of the proposed framework, based on the official sources, ten years of ship accident data from 2009 to 2018 in the FBA of TGR region are collected and analyzed in detail. On the basis of the results, this paper summarizes accident prevention and supervision guidelines to provide decision support for maritime safety. This research is of significance to the water traffic accident precaution and risk mitigation in this region and can be useful for other similar specific scenarios worldwide.

频繁发生的水上交通事故严重威胁着人们的生命和财产安全，水环境以及对社会稳定的不利影响。了解历史事故对于预防事故和降低风险至关重要。但是，目前，关于长江三峡水库（TGR）地区内陆水域，特别是变动回水区（FBA）发生的船舶事故的特征和原因的综合统计分析的研究仍在进行中。很少，更不用说分层和系统的分析框架了。因此，本文提出了一个全面的船舶事故特征和原因分析框架，通过对历史数据的统计和比较分析，就事故的类别和严重性，事故涉及的船舶类型，时空分布特征，船舶事故损失以及根本原因和经验教训进行统计和比较分析，从而总结和可视化船舶事故的特征相关事故。为了证明所建议框架的价值，根据官方资料，收集并详细分析了TGR地区FBA于2009年至2018年的十年船舶事故数据。在此基础上，本文总结了事故预防和监督指南，为海上安全提供决策支持。