ABSTRACT

Objective: The current study was to evaluate risk factors and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among diabetic patients by sex.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled, and baseline characteristics and prevalent ASCVD (including coronary heart disease [CHD], ischemic stroke [IS], and peripheral vascular disease [PVD]) were collected and compared by sex.

Results: Females accounted for 48.5% (n = 284) of the current study. Compared to males, females had a longer duration of diabetes mellitus (9.1 ± 4.0 vs 8.0 ± 3.7 years), and were more likely to be obese (38% vs 34.4%), have hypertension (49.3% vs 45.7%) and have a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (75.0 ± 20.6 vs 77.4 ± 19.2 ml/min/1.73 m²). Females were less likely to smoke (2.8% vs 31.1%), and receive anti-platelets (53.5% vs 56%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (31.7% vs 35.1%), and metformin (81.7% vs 85.4%). Females had a higher prevalence of CHD (9.9% vs 8.6%) and composite ASCVD (21.8% vs 18.9%). After adjustment for potential covariates, female sex remained independently associated with composite ASCVD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.21 and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.57) and CHD (OR: 1.13 and 95% CI: 1.01–1.38).

Conclusion: Among diabetic people, compared to males, females had a higher comorbid burden but received less optimal treatment, which might partly explain their higher prevalence of composite ASCVD and CHD.

摘要

目的：目前的研究是按性别评估糖尿病患者的危险因素和动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）。

方法：纳入 2 型糖尿病患者，收集基线特征和流行的 ASCVD（包括冠心病 [CHD]、缺血性卒中 [IS] 和外周血管疾病 [PVD]）并按性别进行比较。

结果：女性占当前研究的 48.5% (n = 284)。与男性相比，女性的糖尿病病程更长（9.1±4.0 年对 8.0±3.7 年），并且更容易肥胖（38% 对 34.4%）、高血压（49.3% 对 45.7%）和较低的估计肾小球滤过率（75.0 ± 20.6 vs 77.4 ± 19.2 ml/min/1.73 m ²）。女性不太可能吸烟（2.8% 对 31.1%），并接受抗血小板治疗（53.5% 对 56%）、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体阻滞剂（31.7% 对 35.1%）和二甲双胍（81.7% 对 85.4） %）。女性冠心病（9.9% 对 8.6%）和复合 ASCVD（21.8% 对 18.9%）的患病率较高。调整潜在协变量后，女性仍与复合 ASCVD（优势比 [OR]：1.21 和 95% 置信区间 [CI]：1.05-1.57）和 CHD（OR：1.13 和 95% CI：1.01-1.38）独立相关.

结论：在糖尿病患者中，与男性相比，女性的合并症负担更高，但获得的最佳治疗较少，这可能部分解释了她们复合 ASCVD 和 CHD 的患病率较高。