Crop residue management strategies have exhibited significant effects on crop growth and soil properties, which in turn may influence soil phosphorus (P) transformation and availability. In this study, the effect of long-term (83-year) crop residue management treatments (straw plus 45 or 90 kg N ha⁻¹; straw burning in fall or spring; straw plus manure) on soil P availability and storage capacity in the surface (0–0.3 m) and subsurface (0.3–0.6 m) were investigated relative to straw incorporated into soil (control) in a wheat-fallow rotation in the Pacific Northwest. Compared to the control, N application significantly decreased soil available P by 37–49%, measured as Olsen-P, due to the higher P removal by the wheat crop. The significant decrease in NaOH-extractable inorganic P (P_i) by 31–42% and Oxalate-extractable Fe by 20–27% suggests N application induced Fe associated-P_i release to supply crop growth. Straw burning had no significant effect on soil P balance but decreased available P by 20–36%, which can be attributed to the transformation of labile P_i and/or moderately labile P_i to stable P_i and P downward transport due to the increased pH of 0.4–0.9 and the loss of organic carbon. Fall burning appeared to have a greater effect on soil properties and P chemistry than spring burning. Manure application significantly increased soil available P by 245% in surface soil in 2014 while resulted in obvious negative soil P storage capacity (− 103 mg P kg⁻¹) and high potential of P downward transport due to long-term positive P surplus together with the increase in soil pH of 1.2.

作物残留管理策略已对作物生长和土壤特性产生了重大影响，进而可能影响土壤磷（P）的转化和可利用性。在这项研究中，长期（83年）作物残茬管理措施（秸秆加45或90 kg N ha ^-1；秋季或春季秸秆焚烧；秸秆加粪肥）对土壤磷素有效性和储存能力的影响在太平洋西北部的小麦休耕期，相对于掺入土壤的稻草（对照），调查了地表（0–0.3 m）和地下（0.3–0.6 m）。与对照相比，施氮量显着降低了土壤有效磷37-49％（以Olsen-P衡量），这是由于小麦作物去除了更高的磷。NaOH可萃取的无机P（P _i）由31-42％和20-27由草酸％可提取的铁表明氮肥诱导相关联的Fe-P_我释放到供应作物生长。秸秆焚烧对土壤磷平衡没有显着影响，但有效磷降低了20–36％，这可能是由于不稳定的P _i和/或中等不稳定的P _i转化为稳定的P _i和P向下迁移所致， pH值为0.4-0.9，有机碳损失。秋季焚烧似乎比春季焚烧对土壤性质和磷化学有更大的影响。2014年，施用肥料显着增加了表层土壤的土壤速效磷245％，同时导致明显的负磷存储能力（− 103 mg P kg ^-1），并且由于长期的正P过剩以及土壤pH值增加1.2，P向下运输的潜力很大。