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The Dilemma of ‘Science’: ‘Tradition’ and Archaeology in Early Twentieth-century Bengal
Studies in History ( IF 0.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-19 , DOI: 10.1177/02576430211001764
Sheena Panja 1
Affiliation  

The study of history as a genre became important not only as an academic concern but to recover the lost pride and dignity of the indigenous people in a colonized land. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Bengal, the study of the past assumed prime importance in the context of nationalism to counter the disdain of colonial historians and revive national pride. History as a ‘scientific’ discipline functioned as a tool in this regard, where the vernacular emerged as the principal medium of communication. Individuals from diverse backgrounds debated whether a more rigorous understanding of the past through Western ‘scientific’ methods could supplant the information from traditional texts and legends. Material culture or ‘hard’ evidence considered more suitable for a ‘modern’ objective historical account gained precedence over the traditional texts, dismissed as imaginary and mythical. A heated debate emerged between two groups, the archaeologists who believed in the objectivity of material evidence and the traditionalists who subscribed to the view that classical literature was not irrelevant to understanding the past. However, this division remained nebulous, and both groups remained in a liminal interstitial space engaging and contesting with their notions of ‘tradition’ and ‘science’. It was from this contested space that emerged an ambivalent archaeological method which formed an important characteristic of Indian archaeology in the post-Independence era.



中文翻译:

“科学”的困境:“传统”与二十世纪初孟加拉的考古学

作为一种体裁的历史研究不仅在学术上很重要,而且对于恢复在殖民地上土著人民丧失的自尊心和尊严也很重要。在19世纪末和20世纪初,在民族主义的背景下,对过去的研究具有极其重要的意义,以应对殖民历史学家的蔑视和恢复民族自豪感。在这方面,作为一门“科学”学科的历史在这方面起着工具的作用,而白话语则成为交流的主要媒介。来自不同背景的人们争辩说,通过西方的“科学”方法对过去进行更严格的理解是否可以取代传统文本和传说中的信息。物质文化或“硬”证据被认为更适合于“现代”客观历史记录,而这种历史记录优先于传统文本,被认为是虚构的和神话的。在两个小组之间出现了激烈的辩论,考古学家相信物质证据的客观性,而传统主义者则赞成古典文学与理解过去无关。但是,这种划分仍然是模糊的,并且两组都停留在一个简单的间隙空间中,并与他们的“传统”和“科学”概念进行竞争。正是从这个有争议的空间中产生了一种矛盾的考古方法,该方法形成了独立后时代印度考古学的重要特征。在两个小组之间出现了激烈的辩论,考古学家相信物质证据的客观性,而传统主义者则认为古典文学与理解过去无关。但是,这种划分仍然是模糊的,并且两组都停留在一个简单的间隙空间中,并与他们的“传统”和“科学”概念进行竞争。正是从这个有争议的空间中产生了一种矛盾的考古方法,该方法形成了独立后时代印度考古学的重要特征。在两个小组之间出现了激烈的辩论,考古学家相信物质证据的客观性,而传统主义者则赞成古典文学与理解过去无关。但是,这种划分仍然是模糊的,并且两组都停留在一个简单的间隙空间中,并与他们的“传统”和“科学”概念进行竞争。正是从这个有争议的空间中产生了一种矛盾的考古方法,该方法形成了独立后时代印度考古学的重要特征。两组都停留在一个简单的间隙空间中,与他们的“传统”和“科学”概念进行竞争。正是从这个有争议的空间中产生了一种矛盾的考古方法,该方法形成了独立后时代印度考古学的重要特征。两组都停留在一个简单的间隙空间中,与他们的“传统”和“科学”概念进行竞争。正是从这个有争议的空间中产生了一种矛盾的考古方法,该方法形成了独立后时代印度考古学的重要特征。

更新日期:2021-04-20
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