Background

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in dogs indicates a particular set of upper airway abnormalities found in brachycephalic dogs (e.g., French bulldogs). Stenotic nares is one of the primary BOAS-related abnormalities restricting the functional breathing of affected dogs. For severe stenosis, rhinoplasty is required to increase the accessibility of the external nostril to air; however, the specific improvement from surgery in terms of respiratory physiology and uptake of inhaled air has not been fully elucidated

Method

This study employed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to evaluate the effects of different stenotic intensities on airflow patterns in a total of eight French bulldog upper airways. A bulldog with severe stenosis after surgery was included to examine the efficacy of the surgical intervention.

Results

The results showed homogeneous airflow distributions in healthy and mild stenosis cases and significantly accelerated airstreams at the constricted positions in moderate and severe stenosis bulldogs. The airflow resistance was over 20-fold greater in severe stenosis cases than the healthy cases. After surgery, a decrease in airflow velocity was observed in the surgical region, and the percentage of reduced airflow resistance was approximately 4%.

Conclusions

This study suggests impaired breathing function in brachycephalic dogs with moderate and severe stenosis. The results also serve as a reference for veterinarians in surgical planning and monitoring bulldogs' recuperation after surgery.

中文翻译：

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法国斗牛犬鼻孔狭窄的呼吸功能障碍的计算流体动力学比较和隆鼻的有效性检查

背景

狗中的短头阻塞性气道综合征（BOAS）表示在短头畸形狗（例如法国斗牛犬）中发现的一组特定的上呼吸道异常。狭窄的鼻孔是与BOAS相关的主要异常之一，它限制了患狗的功能呼吸。对于严重的狭窄，需要隆鼻术以增加外部鼻孔与空气的可及性。然而，关于呼吸生理和吸入空气吸收方面手术的具体改善尚未完全阐明。

方法

这项研究使用计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟来评估不同的狭窄强度对总共八只法国斗牛犬上呼吸道的气流模式的影响。手术后有严重狭窄的斗牛犬被纳入研究以检查手术干预的有效性。

结果

结果显示，在健康和轻度狭窄的情况下，气流分布均匀，而在中度和重度狭窄的斗牛犬的狭窄位置，气流明显加速。严重狭窄病例的气流阻力比健康病例大20倍以上。手术后，在手术区域观察到气流速度降低，气流阻力降低的百分比约为4％。

结论

这项研究表明患有中度和重度狭窄的短头犬的呼吸功能受损。该结果也为兽医进行手术计划和监测牛头犬术后的休养情况提供参考。