With this paper we participate to the call for ideas issued by the European Space Agency to define the Science Program and plan for space missions from 2035 to 2050. In particular we present five science cases where major advancements can be achieved thanks to space-based spectroscopic observations at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. We discuss the possibility to (1) unveil the large-scale structures and cosmic web in emission at redshift \(\lesssim 1.7\); (2) study the exchange of baryons between galaxies and their surroundings to understand the contribution of the circumgalactic gas to the evolution and angular-momentum build-up of galaxies; (3) constrain the efficiency of ram-pressure stripping in removing gas from galaxies and its role in quenching star formation; (4) characterize the progenitor population of core-collapse supernovae to reveal the explosion mechanisms of stars; (5) target accreting white dwarfs in globular clusters to determine their evolution and fate. These science themes can be addressed thanks to UV (wavelength range \(\lambda \sim 90 - 350\) nm) observations carried out with a panoramic integral field spectrograph (field of view \(\sim \!1 \times 1\) arcmin²), and medium spectral (R = 4000) and spatial (\(\sim \!1^{\prime \prime } - 3^{\prime \prime }\)) resolution. Such a UV-optimized instrument will be unique in the coming years, when most of the new large facilities such as the Extremely Large Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope are optimized for infrared wavelengths.

在本文中，我们参加了欧洲航天局发布的征求意见稿，以定义科学计划并计划2035至2050年的太空飞行。特别是，我们介绍了五种科学案例，这些成就可以归功于天基光谱学的发展。在紫外线（UV）波长下观察。我们讨论了以下可能性：（1）在红移\（\ lesssim 1.7 \）处揭示发射中的大型结构和宇宙网。; （2）研究星系与其周围环境之间的重子交换，以了解环银河气体对星系演化和角动量积累的贡献；（3）限制了冲压压力汽提去除星系中气体的效率及其在淬灭恒星中的作用；（4）表征核塌陷超新星的祖细胞，以揭示恒星的爆炸机制；（5）以球状星团中生长的白矮星为目标，以确定它们的进化和命运。这些科学主题可以通过使用全景积分场光谱仪（视场\（\ sim \！1 \ times 1 \）进行的UV（波长范围\（\ lambda \ sim 90-350 \） nm）观察来解决。 arcmin ²），中等光谱（R = 4000）和空间（\（\ sim \！1 ^ {\ prime \ prime}-3 ^ {\ prime \ prime} \））分辨率。当大多数新型大型设施（例如，极大型望远镜和詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜）针对红外波长进行了优化时，这种经过紫外线优化的仪器将在未来几年中成为独一无二的产品。