Abstract

The review briefs and analyzes the quantitative data on the input and content of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in soil, their possible transformations, and toxicity. The currently available data on the AgNPs content in soil are exclusively based on simulation results and vary in a wide range from 5.33 × 10^–6 to 7.4 µg/kg at an annual input rate of 1.2 × 10^–3 to 9.68 µg/kg. The main variants of AgNPs transformation in soil (interactions with soil solid phase, soil colloids, and dissolved organic matter and oxidation–reduction) that lead to preferential AgNPs retention in the upper soil layer are outlined. A comparison of the data on the AgNPs content in soil and the conditions of toxicological experiments demonstrates that the toxicity in most experiments has been assessed for an AgNPs concentration of 10²–10⁵ µg/kg soil, which is at least tenfold higher as compared with the estimates for actual conditions. Analysis of the existing concepts of the AgNPs translocation from soil to plants suggests no current risk of contamination of agricultural products with AgNPs. Some data demonstrate that the negative effects of AgNPs on microorganisms increase with the time of exposure. Thus, it is necessary to assess the effects of AgNPs in soil in long-term experiments (over 90 days) at the nanoparticle concentration not exceeding 10 µg/kg.

中文翻译：

---

土壤中的银纳米颗粒：输入，转化和毒性

摘要

该评论简要介绍并分析了土壤中银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）的输入和含量，其可能的转化形式和毒性的定量数据。目前可用的土壤中AgNPs含量的数据完全基于模拟结果，在每年输入速率1.2×10 ^–3的范围内变化范围从5.33×10 ^–6到7.4 µg / kg。至9.68 µg / kg。概述了土壤中AgNPs转化的主要变体（与土壤固相，土壤胶体和溶解的有机物的相互作用以及氧化还原），这些变异导致AgNPs优先保留在上层土壤中。对土壤中AgNPs含量数据和毒理学实验条件的比较表明，在大多数实验中，对AgNPs浓度为10 ² –10 ⁵的毒性进行了评估。微克/千克土壤，比实际情况的估计值至少高十倍。对AgNPs从土壤转移到植物的现有概念的分析表明，当前没有农业产品被AgNPs污染的风险。一些数据表明，AgNPs对微生物的负面影响随着暴露时间的增加而增加。因此，有必要在长期实验（超过90天）中评估纳米颗粒浓度不超过10 µg / kg时AgNPs在土壤中的作用。