Liposomal systems are well known for playing an important role as drug carriers, presenting several therapeutic applications in different sectors, such as in drug delivery, diagnosis, and in many other academic areas. A novel class of this nanoparticle is the actively target liposome, which is constructed with the surface modified with appropriated molecules (or ligands) to actively bind a target molecule of certain cells, system, or tissue. There are many ways to functionalize these nanostructures, from non-covalent adsorption to covalent bond formation. In this review, we focus on the strategies of modifying liposomes by glycerophospholipid covalent chemical reaction. The approach used in this text summarizes the main reactions and strategies used in phospholipid modification that can be carried out by chemists and researchers from other areas. The knowledge of these methodologies is of great importance for planning new studies using this material and also for manipulating its properties.

众所周知，脂质体系统作为药物载体发挥着重要作用，在不同领域具有多种治疗应用，例如在药物递送、诊断和许多其他学术领域。这种纳米颗粒的一类新型是主动靶向脂质体，其表面用适当的分子（或配体）修饰，以主动结合某些细胞、系统或组织的靶分子。有许多方法可以使这些纳米结构功能化，从非共价吸附到共价键形成。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了通过甘油磷脂共价化学反应修饰脂质体的策略。本文中使用的方法总结了磷脂修饰中使用的主要反应和策略，可以由其他领域的化学家和研究人员进行。