Schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive impairments and widespread structural brain alterations (e.g., decreased volume, thickness, surface area). Brain structure-cognition associations have been extensively studied in schizophrenia, typically involving individual cognitive domains or brain regions of interest. Findings in overlapping and diffuse brain regions may point to structural alterations in large-scale brain networks. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining whether brain structure-cognition associations can be explained in terms of biologically meaningful brain networks. Of 7,621 screened articles, 88 were included in a series of meta-analyses assessing publication bias, heterogeneity, and study quality. Significant associations were found between overall brain structure and eight cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working/verbal/visual memory, executive function, social cognition, and verbal fluency). Brain structure within functionally defined networks (default, dorsal/ventral attention, frontoparietal, limbic, somatosensory, visual) and external structures (amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum) typically showed associations with conceptually related cognitive domains, with higher-level domains (e.g., executive function, social cognition) associated with more networks. These findings suggest brain structure-cognition associations in schizophrenia may follow network architecture.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症认知功能的结构性脑相关：一项荟萃分析

精神分裂症的特征在于认知障碍和广泛的大脑结构改变（例如，体积，厚度，表面积减少）。在精神分裂症中已经广泛研究了脑结构-认知关联，通常涉及单个认知域或感兴趣的脑区域。在重叠和分散的大脑区域中的发现可能指向大规模大脑网络中的结构改变。我们进行了系统的审查和荟萃分析，检查是否可以根据生物学上有意义的大脑网络来解释大脑结构与认知的关联。在7,621篇已筛选的文章中，有88篇纳入了评估出版物偏倚，异质性和研究质量的荟萃分析。在整个大脑结构和八个认知域（处理速度，注意力/警觉，工作/语言/视觉记忆，执行功能，社交认知和口语流利度）之间发现了显着关联。功能定义的网络（默认，背侧/腹侧注意，额顶侧，边缘，体感，视觉）和外部结构（杏仁，海马和小脑）内的大脑结构通常显示与概念相关的认知域和更高级别的域（例如，执行功能，社会认知）与更多网络相关联。这些发现表明，精神分裂症的大脑结构-认知关联可能遵循网络架构。功能定义的网络（默认，背侧/腹侧注意，额顶侧，边缘，体感，视觉）和外部结构（杏仁，海马和小脑）内的大脑结构通常显示与概念相关的认知域和更高级别的域（例如，执行功能，社会认知）与更多网络相关联。这些发现表明，精神分裂症的大脑结构-认知关联可能遵循网络架构。功能定义的网络（默认，背侧/腹侧注意，额顶侧，边缘，体感，视觉）和外部结构（杏仁，海马和小脑）内的大脑结构通常显示与概念相关的认知域和更高级别的域（例如，执行功能，社会认知）与更多网络相关联。这些发现表明，精神分裂症的大脑结构与认知的联系可能遵循网络结构。