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Assessment of nitrogen diagnosis methods in sunflower
Agronomy Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-20 , DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20685
Sergio Tovar Hernandez 1 , Natalia Diovisalvi 2 , Walter Daniel Carciochi 1, 3 , Natalia Izquierdo 1, 3 , Hernán Sainz Rozas 1, 3, 4 , Fernando Garcia 1 , Nahuel I. Reussi Calvo 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

Nitrogen deficiency can severely limit sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grain yield and quality. Our objective was to evaluate N diagnosis methods based on: (a) pre-plant soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO3–N) test (PPSNT) and soil N mineralized in short-term anaerobic incubation (Nan), (b) Greenness index (GI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measured at 6 (V6) and 12 (V12) leaves, and (c) grain nitrogen concentration (Nc). Seventeen experiments were carried out between 2010 and 2019 in Argentina, evaluating nine N rates (0, 30, 40, 60, 80, 90, 120, 150, and 160 kg N ha–1). The GI, NDVI, N sufficiency index and relative normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIr) were determined at V6 and V12 growth stages. On average, yield response to N was 492 kg ha–1 and Nc response was 0.25% in 9 and 11 responsive experiments, respectively. The inclusion of Nan improved the PPSNT diagnosis method. The critical N availability (PPSNT + fertilizer N) threshold was 115 kg N ha–1 for experiments with low Nan (<60 mg kg–1), and 90 kg N ha–1 for experiments with high Nan (>60 mg kg–1). The NDVIr at V12 allowed monitoring the crop N status with a 0.95 critical threshold. The Nc adequately diagnosed N deficiencies and the critical threshold was 2.26%. Also, Nc was predicted from the ratio between N availability and grain yield (R= .39). Our results would allow to better estimate N availability to recommend adequate N fertilizer rates for sunflower aiming to optimize grain yield and quality, and minimize the economic and environmental cost of fertilization.

中文翻译:

向日葵氮素诊断方法的评价

氮缺乏会严重限制向日葵 ( Helianthus annuus L.) 籽粒产量和品质。我们的目标是评估基于以下条件的氮诊断方法:(a) 种植前土壤硝酸盐氮 (NO 3 –N) 测试 (PPSNT) 和短期厌氧培养 (Nan) 中矿化的土壤 N,(b) 绿度指数(G),并在6(V测得的归一化植被指数(NDVI)6)和12(V 12)的叶子,和(c)谷物氮浓度(N ç)。2010 年至 2019 年间在阿根廷进行了 17 项实验,评估了九种 N 比率(0、30、40、60、80、90、120、150 和 160 kg N ha –1)。对于g、NDVI、N 充足指数和相对归一化植被指数(NDVIr) 在V 6和V 12生长阶段测定。平均而言,在 9 个和 11 个响应实验中,对 N 的产量响应分别为 492 kg ha –1和 N c响应分别为 0.25%。Nan 的加入改进了 PPSNT 诊断方法。临界N有效性(PPSNT +肥料N)的阈值是115千克氮公顷-1对于具有低楠实验(<60毫克千克-1)和90千克氮公顷-1对于具有高楠实验(> 60毫克公斤- 1)。V 12的 NDVIr允许以 0.95 的临界阈值监测作物 N 状态。所述N个Ç充分诊断出 N 缺乏症,临界阈值为 2.26%。此外,N c是根据 N 可用性和谷物产量之间的比率预测的 ( R = .39)。我们的结果将允许更好地估计氮的可用性,为向日葵推荐足够的氮肥用量,旨在优化谷物产量和质量,并最大限度地减少施肥的经济和环境成本。
更新日期:2021-04-20
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