In this article, we offer a primer on “classical” frequentist statistics. In doing so, we aim to (1) provide social workers with a nuanced overview of common statistical concepts and tools, (2) clarify ways in which these ideas have oft been misused or misinterpreted in research and practice, and (3) help social workers better understand what frequentist statistics can and cannot offer. We begin broadly, starting with foundational issues in the philosophy of statistics. Then, we outline the Fisherian and Neyman–Pearson approaches to statistical inference and the practice of null hypothesis significance testing. We then discuss key statistical concepts including α, power, p values, effect sizes, and confidence intervals, exploring several common misconceptions about their use and interpretation. We close by considering some limitations of frequentist statistics and by offering an opinionated discussion on how social workers may promote more fruitful, responsible, and thoughtful statistical practice.

在本文中，我们提供了有关“经典”常客统计数据的入门资料。为此，我们的目的是（1）为社会工作者提供有关通用统计概念和工具的细微差别的概述；（2）阐明在研究和实践中经常不被滥用或误解这些思想的方式；（3）帮助社会工作者工作人员更好地了解常客统计资料可以提供和不能提供的内容。我们从广义的统计哲学开始，从广义的问题开始。然后，我们概述了用于统计推断的Fisherian和Neyman-Pearson方法以及零假设重要性检验的实践。然后，我们讨论关键的统计概念，包括α，幂，p值，效应大小和置信区间，探讨有关其用法和解释的几种常见误解。最后，我们考虑了常客统计学的一些局限性，并就社会工作者如何促进更富有成果，负责任和周到的统计实践进行了有见地的讨论。