Substance use disorders are associated with diverse neuropsychological impairments, with deficits in memory and executive functioning commonly observed. Cognitive remediation has been shown to be effective in other populations with cognitive impairments in these domains, including those with psychiatric disorders and acquired brain injuries, and it has been hypothesised to be similarly effective for those in treatment for substance use disorders. We aimed to systematically review the evidence for cognitive remediation interventions administered as an adjunct treatment to substance use rehabilitation. Studies were included if participants were receiving substance use treatment, if improving cognitive functioning was the main focus of the intervention and if they used an experimental design with a control condition receiving treatment-as-usual or an active control intervention. Two independent reviewers agreed on the final selection of 32 studies, encompassing cognitive remediation for working memory, memory, executive functioning and general cognition. Significant differences between intervention and control groups for cognitive test results and treatment outcomes were extracted and compared across treatment approaches. The review found considerable heterogeneity across studies, including in the types of interventions, the nature of participants and the outcome measures used. Further, a lack of quality studies with sufficient power meant that limited conclusions could be drawn, highlighting a need for further replication and research. However, findings indicate that cognitive remediation remains a promising potential avenue for improving cognition and treatment outcomes for those in treatment for substance use disorders. Protocol submitted prospectively to PROSPERO 30.09.2019, CRD42020150978.

物质使用障碍与多种神经心理障碍有关，通常观察到记忆力和执行功能的缺陷。认知补救已被证明对这些领域存在认知障碍的其他人群有效，包括患有精神疾病和获得性脑损伤的人群，并且假设它对治疗物质使用障碍的人群同样有效。我们旨在系统地回顾认知补救干预作为物质使用康复的辅助治疗的证据。如果参与者正在接受物质使用治疗，则纳入研究，如果改善认知功能是干预的主要重点，并且他们是否使用实验设计，控制条件接受照常治疗或主动控制干预。两名独立评审员就 32 项研究的最终选择达成一致，包括工作记忆、记忆、执行功能和一般认知的认知矫正。提取干预组和对照组之间认知测试结果和治疗结果的显着差异，并在不同治疗方法之间进行比较。审查发现研究之间存在相当大的异质性，包括干预类型、参与者的性质和使用的结果测量。此外，缺乏具有足够效力的高质量研究意味着只能得出有限的结论，强调需要进一步复制和研究。然而，研究结果表明，认知补救仍然是改善物质使用障碍治疗者认知和治疗结果的有希望的潜在途径。协议前瞻性提交给 PROSPERO 30.09.2019, CRD42020150978。