Corruption reflects a set of illegal activities that jeopardize the smooth functioning of economies, society, and climate and environmental issues. This article tests the relationships between economic growth, corruption, renewable energies, international trade, and carbon dioxide emissions using panel data for European countries, namely Portugal, Spain, Italy, Ireland, and Greece, from 1995–2015. As an econometric strategy, this research uses the panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic least squares (DOLS), and panel two-stage least squares estimator (TSLS). Considering the variables utilized in the research and the panel unit root test, we observed that the variables are integrated I (1) in the first difference. The variables of corruption, economic growth, renewable energies, international trade, and carbon dioxide emissions are cointegrated in the long run, using the Pedroni and Kao residual cointegration test arguments. The methodology of Dumitrescu–Hurlin to test the causality between carbon dioxide emissions, corruption, economic growth, and renewable energy shows that there is unidirectional causality between carbon dioxide emissions and corruption and economic growth and corruption. The results suggest that the corruption index and economic growth have a statistically significant positive impact on carbon dioxide emissions. However, renewable energies and international trade reduce climate change and improve the environmental quality.

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腐败，可再生能源，贸易和二氧化碳排放的影响

腐败反映了一系列非法活动，危害了经济，社会，气候和环境问题的正常运转。本文使用1995-2015年间欧洲国家（葡萄牙，西班牙，意大利，爱尔兰和希腊）的面板数据测试了经济增长，腐败，可再生能源，国际贸易和二氧化碳排放之间的关系。作为计量经济学策略，本研究使用面板完全修改最小二乘法（FMOLS），面板动态最小二乘（DOLS）和面板两阶段最小二乘估计器（TSLS）。考虑到研究中使用的变量和面板单位根检验，我们观察到变量在第一个差异中积分为I（1）。腐败，经济增长，可再生能源，国际贸易等变量，使用Pedroni和Kao剩余协整检验参数，从长远来看，二氧化碳和二氧化碳的排放量会协整。Dumitrescu-Hurlin检验二氧化碳排放量，腐败，经济增长和可再生能源之间因果关系的方法论表明，二氧化碳排放量与腐败以及经济增长与腐败之间存在单向因果关系。结果表明，腐败指数和经济增长对二氧化碳排放具有统计上显着的积极影响。但是，可再生能源和国际贸易减少了气候变化并改善了环境质量。经济增长和可再生能源表明，二氧化碳排放与腐败以及经济增长与腐败之间存在单向因果关系。结果表明，腐败指数和经济增长对二氧化碳排放具有统计上显着的积极影响。但是，可再生能源和国际贸易减少了气候变化并改善了环境质量。经济增长和可再生能源表明，二氧化碳排放与腐败以及经济增长与腐败之间存在单向因果关系。结果表明，腐败指数和经济增长对二氧化碳排放具有统计上显着的积极影响。但是，可再生能源和国际贸易减少了气候变化并改善了环境质量。