Collison between ships is one of the major contributors to maritime accidents. To reduce ship collision accidents, the research on collision avoidance decision-making has been drawing much attention from various parties. In this research, extensive literature and expert knowledge are collected and analyzed to identify the common sense and discrepancies between collision avoidance decision-making for theoretical research and navigation practices. The key factors that are considered in the two perspectives are identified and discussed, based on which, the knowledge structures that can represent the development of the process in the two perspectives are established. A series of comparisons between the knowledge structure based on theoretical research and navigation practices are conducted. The comparisons indicate clear common sense and discrepancies between the theoretical research and navigation practices regarding collision avoidance decision-making. The potential causes of them are also analyzed. The research results would be beneficial for the development of collision avoidance decision-making for both autonomous and conventional manned ships in maritime traffic.

船舶之间的碰撞是造成海事事故的主要因素之一。为了减少船舶碰撞事故，避免碰撞决策的研究已引起了各方的广泛关注。在这项研究中，收集并分析了广泛的文献和专家知识，以识别用于理论研究的避碰决策与航行实践之间的常识和差异。识别并讨论了在两个角度中考虑的关键因素，在此基础上，建立了可以代表两个角度的过程发展的知识结构。进行了一系列基于理论研究和导航实践的知识结构比较。这些比较表明，关于避碰决策的理论研究与导航实践之间存在明显的常识和差异。还分析了它们的潜在原因。研究结果将有利于自主航行和常规载人船舶海上避碰决策的发展。