Aggressive behavior is generally detrimental to children's friendships, both in terms of having friends and in terms of keeping friends. Despite this general tendency, many aggressive children have friends and some of these friendships are stable. We examined the moderating role of preference norms in the classroom and child's sex in the association between children's physical and relational aggression and their friendship experiences. A total of 1135 children (M = 10.24 years, SD = 1.01) in Grades 4 to 6 completed a peer nomination inventory in the Fall (T1) and Spring (T2) of the same school year. Norms were operationalized as the class- and sex-specific correlation between physical or relational aggression and social preference. Norms moderated associations between each form of aggression and number of friends. At T1, physical and relational aggression were concurrently associated with having more friends when norms favored this behavior and with fewer friends when norms were unfavorable. The latter effect was especially pronounced in girls. Over time, youth lost friends when norms favored physical aggression and gained friends when norms favored relational aggression. T1 friends' physical and relational aggression were strong predictors of new friends' aggressive behavior, suggesting that friends provide a type of norm more significant to new friend selection than norms of the peer group and individual aggressive behavior. Overall, our results suggest that physical and relational aggression are not necessarily detrimental to children's friendship experiences and may even be beneficial in specific social contexts.

中文翻译：

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身体和关系攻击作为儿童友谊经历的预测因素：检查偏好规范的调节作用

攻击性行为通常不利于儿童的友谊，无论是在交朋友还是在保持朋友方面。尽管有这种普遍趋势，但许多好斗的孩子都有朋友，其中一些友谊是稳定的。我们研究了课堂偏好规范和儿童性别在儿童身体和关系攻击与他们的友谊经历之间的关联中的调节作用。共有 1135 名儿童（M  = 10.24 岁，SD = 1.01) 4 至 6 年级在同一学年的秋季 (T1) 和春季 (T2) 完成了一份同伴提名清单。规范被操作化为身体或关系攻击与社会偏好之间特定于阶级和性别的相关性。规范调节了每种形式的侵略与朋友数量之间的关联。在 T1 时，当规范支持这种行为时，身体和关系上的攻击同时与拥有更多朋友有关，而当规范不利于这种行为时，则与更少的朋友有关。后一种效果在女孩身上尤为明显。随着时间的推移，当规范倾向于身体攻击时，年轻人失去了朋友，而当规范倾向于关系攻击时，年轻人会获得朋友。T1 朋友的身体和关系攻击性是新朋友攻击性行为的有力预测因素，表明朋友提供了一种对新朋友选择更重要的规范，而不是同龄人群体和个人攻击行为的规范。总的来说，我们的结果表明，身体和关系上的攻击不一定会损害儿童的友谊体验，甚至可能在特定的社会环境中有益。