The paper is concerned with the solution to environmental problems related to the gathering of oil and oil products from the surfaces of water bodies using the highly-porous inorganic sorbents. In the paper, the technological solutions are presented and primary results aimed at the development of new sorption materials are discussed. To develop the technologies of preparing the sorbents of oil and oil products, the properties of the granulated foam-silicate material obtained during the treatment process of technogenic raw material were investigated. A method of modifying the granulated foam silicate in the gas–vapor phase of hydrocarbons having the undoubted superiority (possibility to work out the finely-dispersed materials with the use of a wide range of modifiers) was developed. The technological scheme of the thermo-chemical modifying the foam silicates surface was presented and the operating parameters of the modification process were experimentally verified. The temperature interval of the foam-silicate porous structure and its X-ray amorphous state stability was determined. The hydrophobic properties of the modified foam-silicate are confirmed by the testing of material for moisture capacity. Determination of oil capacity characteristics suggests the high oil-receptivity and sorption capacity concerning oil products. The comparative evaluation of new oleophilic hydrophobic material regarding other sorbents confirms the possibility of using the modified granulated foam-silicate obtained from waste products of the mica-schist ore as the basis for the preparation of new sorbents for cleaning of contaminated waters from organic substances including oil products.

本文涉及解决与环境问题有关的解决方案，该解决方案涉及使用高度多孔的无机吸附剂从水体表面收集油类和油类产品。本文介绍了技术解决方案，并讨论了旨在开发新型吸附材料的主要成果。为了发展制备油和油产品吸附剂的技术，研究了在工艺原料处理过程中获得的粒状泡沫硅酸盐材料的性能。开发了一种在烃的气相中改性粒状泡沫硅酸盐的方法，该方法具有毋庸置疑的优越性（可以使用多种改性剂来制备细分散的材料）。提出了热化学改性泡沫硅酸盐表面的工艺方案，并通过实验验证了改性过程的操作参数。测定了泡沫硅酸盐多孔结构的温度间隔及其X射线非晶态稳定性。改性泡沫硅酸盐的疏水性通过材料的湿气容量测试得到证实。机油容量特性的确定表明有关机油产品的高吸油性和吸附能力。