A new species of snaggletooth, Astronesthes kiyofujii, is described from a single specimen (98.5 mm in standard length, SL) collected from the tropical western Pacific off the Republic of Palau. It belongs to the Astronesthes luetkeni group and differs from other congeners in having the following combination of features: chin barbel very long (64.9% SL), distinctly longer than head length; barbel bulb slightly swollen, without any filaments; luminous tissue on gill cover forming slender vertical line along hind margin of preopercle, partly discontinuous ventrally; longitudinal stripe of subcutaneous luminous tissue extending midventrally from chest to belly; serial photophores numerous and closely spaced; photophores from isthmus to pectoral-fin base (IP) arranged in almost straight line, only slightly arched in front of pectoral-fin base; photophores from above anal-fin base to caudal-fin base (AC) forming continuous line, not broken into sections; anal-fin origin distinctly behind vertical through dorsal-fin insertion; dorsal-fin base slightly longer than (1.4 times) anal-fin base; dorsal-fin rays 16; anal-fin rays 16; pectoral-fin rays 8; vertebrae 34 + 15 = 49; body uniformly black except for luminous tissue patches; barbel stem pale, except proximal end with scattering of external melanophores; barbel bulb with diffuse patch of external melanophores on one side, paler on the other side. In addition, we report the first voucher-based records of the Indo-Pacific Astronesthes luetkeni Regan and Trewavas 1929 from the Japan’s Exclusive Economic Zone, proposing a new standard Japanese name for the species.

从从帕劳共和国附近热带西太平洋收集的单个标本（标准长度为98.5毫米，SL）描述了一种新的锁齿，Astronesthes kiyofujii。它属于Astronesthes luetkeni该组与其他同类产品的不同之处在于具有以下特征的组合：下巴挺长（64.9％SL），明显长于头长；鳞茎灯泡略微肿胀，没有任何细丝；g盖上的发光组织沿着前oper的后缘形成细长的垂直线，部分不连续的腹侧；皮下发光组织的纵条纹，从胸腔到腹部向中腹延伸；大量且间隔紧密的串行荧光体；从峡部到胸鳍基部（IP）的荧光体几乎成一直线，仅在胸鳍基部的前面略呈弓形；从肛门鳍基部到尾鳍基部（AC）的荧光体形成连续线，而不是分成几部分；通过背鳍插入，臀鳍起源明显位于垂直后面；背鳍基部稍长于（1。4次）肛鳍底; 背鳍射线16; 肛鳍射线16; 胸鳍射线8; 椎骨34 + 15 = 49; 除发光的组织斑块外，身体均匀呈黑色；杠铃茎苍白，除了近端有外部黑色素团的散布。带有在外部黑色素细胞的散布斑点的杠铃灯泡，在另一侧则苍白。此外，我们报告了Indo-Pacific的第一份基于凭证的记录来自日本专属经济区的Astronesthes luetkeni Regan和Trewavas 1929年提出了该物种新的日本标准名称。