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Land use and management effects on soil carbon in U.S. Lake States, with emphasis on forestry, fire, and reforestation
Ecological Applications ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-18 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.2356
L E Nave 1, 2 , K DeLyser 3 , G M Domke 4 , M K Janowiak 2, 5 , T A Ontl 2 , E Sprague 3 , B F Walters 4 , C W Swanston 2, 5
Affiliation  

There is growing need to quantify and communicate how land use and management activities influence soil organic carbon (SOC) at scales relevant to, and in the tangible control of landowners and forest managers. The continued proliferation of publications and growth of data sets, data synthesis and meta-analysis approaches allows the application of powerful tools to such questions at ever finer scales. In this analysis, we combined a literature review and effect-size meta-analysis with two large, independent, observational databases to assess how land use and management impact SOC stocks, primarily with regards to forest land uses. We performed this work for the (Great Lakes) U.S. Lake States, which comprise 6% of the land area, but 7% of the forest and 9% of the forest SOC in the United States, as the second in a series of ecoregional SOC assessments. Most importantly, our analysis indicates that natural factors, such as soil texture and parent material, exert more control over SOC stocks than land use or management. With that for context, our analysis also indicates which natural factors most influence management impacts on SOC storage. We report an overall trend of significantly diminished topsoil SOC stocks with harvesting, consistent across all three data sets, while also demonstrating how certain sites and soils diverge from this pattern, including some that show opposite trends. Impacts of fire grossly mirror those of harvesting, with declines near the top of the profile, but potential gains at depth and no net change when considering the whole profile. Land use changes showing significant SOC impacts are limited to reforestation on barren mining substrates (large and variable gains) and conversion of native forest to cultivation (losses). We describe patterns within the observational data that reveal the physical basis for preferential land use, e.g., cultivation of soils with the most favorable physical properties, and forest plantation establishment on the most marginal soils, and use these patterns to identify management opportunities and considerations. We also qualify our results with ratings of confidence, based on their degree of support across approaches, and offer concise, defensible tactics for adapting management operations to site-specific criteria and SOC vulnerability.

中文翻译:

土地利用和管理对美国湖州土壤碳的影响,重点是林业、火灾和重新造林

越来越需要量化和交流土地利用和管理活动如何在与土地所有者和森林管理者相关的规模上以及在对土地所有者和森林管理者的有形控制中影响土壤有机碳 (SOC)。出版物的持续扩散和数据集、数据合成和元分析方法的不断增长,使得强大的工具能够以更精细的规模应用于此类问题。在此分析中,我们将文献综述和效应量荟萃分析与两个大型独立观察数据库相结合,以评估土地利用和管理如何影响 SOC 储量,主要是关于林地利用。我们为(五大湖)美国湖州进行了这项工作,这些州占美国陆地面积的 6%,但占美国森林面积的 7% 和森林 SOC 的 9%,作为一系列生态区域 SOC 评估中的第二个。最重要的是,我们的分析表明,与土地利用或管理相比,土壤质地和母质等自然因素对 SOC 储量的控制更大。在此背景下,我们的分析还指出了哪些自然因素对 SOC 存储的管理影响最大。我们报告了收获时表土 SOC 储量显着减少的总体趋势,这在所有三个数据集中都是一致的,同时还展示了某些地点和土壤如何与这种模式不同,包括一些表现出相反趋势的地点和土壤。火灾的影响大致反映了采伐的影响,在剖面顶部附近下降,但在考虑整个剖面时,深度可能增加,没有净变化。显示出显着 SOC 影响的土地利用变化仅限于在贫瘠的采矿基质上重新造林(大量和可变的收益)和将原生森林转化为耕种(损失)。我们描述了观测数据中的模式,这些模式揭示了优先土地利用的物理基础,例如,种植具有最有利物理特性的土壤,以及在最边缘土壤上建立森林种植园,并使用这些模式来确定管理机会和考虑因素。我们还根据其对各种方法的支持程度,通过置信评级来限定我们的结果,并提供简洁、可防御的策略,使管理操作适应特定于站点的标准和 SOC 漏洞。我们描述了观测数据中的模式,这些模式揭示了优先土地利用的物理基础,例如,种植具有最有利物理特性的土壤,以及在最边缘土壤上建立森林种植园,并使用这些模式来确定管理机会和考虑因素。我们还根据其对各种方法的支持程度,通过置信评级来限定我们的结果,并提供简洁、可防御的策略,使管理操作适应特定于站点的标准和 SOC 漏洞。我们描述了观测数据中的模式,这些模式揭示了优先土地利用的物理基础,例如,种植具有最有利物理特性的土壤,以及在最边缘土壤上建立森林种植园,并使用这些模式来确定管理机会和考虑因素。我们还根据其对各种方法的支持程度,通过置信评级来限定我们的结果,并提供简洁、可防御的策略,使管理操作适应特定于站点的标准和 SOC 漏洞。并使用这些模式来识别管理机会和注意事项。我们还根据其对各种方法的支持程度,通过置信评级来限定我们的结果,并提供简洁、可防御的策略,使管理操作适应特定于站点的标准和 SOC 漏洞。并使用这些模式来识别管理机会和注意事项。我们还根据其对各种方法的支持程度,通过置信评级来限定我们的结果,并提供简洁、可防御的策略,使管理操作适应特定于站点的标准和 SOC 漏洞。
更新日期:2021-04-18
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