Vegetable production systems are typically tillage- and input-intensive, though they may vary widely in production practices utilized. Improved understanding of soil water and nitrogen (N) processes with the use of agroecosystem models may aid in the optimization of crop yields and reduction of N losses. The objectives of this study were to (1) apply the RZ-SHAW model to diversified vegetable systems of varying production intensity, and (2) to elucidate soil N processes key loss pathways to inform opportunities for improving N cycling and sustainable intensification in these systems. The systems included conventional (CONV), low input organic (LI), and organic high tunnel (HT) vegetable systems. Soil water content and temperature were simulated well (rRMSE < 0.30) in all systems. Simulated soil NO₃¯-N content was closer to measured values in the CONV than other systems. On average, the soil NO₃¯-N content was underpredicted by 8 kg N ha⁻¹ in the 0–0.15 m, and 5 kg N ha⁻¹ in the 0.30–0.50 m soil layer in the LI system. In all systems, simulated daily N₂O flux followed the trends in the measured values, but model predicted greater peaks than measured. Nitrate leaching was the greatest N loss pathway in all systems, though timing and driving factors varied by system. Asynchrony between N mineralization and crop uptake was observed throughout the LI rotation, indicating opportunities for targeted N and irrigation inputs to increase crop yields. Simulation results indicate the need for additional study of soil microbial and N processes in HT systems.

蔬菜生产系统通常耕作和投入密集，尽管它们在生产实践中可能有很大差异。利用农业生态系统模型更好地了解土壤水和氮（N）的过程，可能有助于优化农作物的产量并减少氮素的损失。这项研究的目的是（1）将RZ-SHAW模型应用于生产强度不同的多样化蔬菜系统，以及（2）阐明土壤氮素过程的关键损失途径，从而为改善这些系统中氮素循环和可持续集约化提供机会。该系统包括常规（CONV），低输入有机（LI）和有机高通道（HT）蔬菜系统。在所有系统中都很好地模拟了土壤水分和温度（rRMSE <0.30）。模拟土壤NO ₃-N含量比其他系统更接近CONV中的测量值。平均来说，土壤NO ₃ ¯-N含量8千克氮公顷underpredicted ^-1在0-0.15米和5千克氮公顷^-1在0.30-0.50米土壤层中的LI系统。在所有系统中，每天模拟N ₂O通量遵循测量值的趋势，但是模型预测的峰值大于测量值。硝酸盐淋失是所有系统中最大的氮损失途径，尽管时间和驱动因素因系统而异。在整个LI轮换期间，观察到氮矿化与作物吸收之间存在异步，这表明有针对性的氮素和灌溉投入有机会增加作物产量。模拟结果表明需要对HT系统中土壤微生物和氮的过程进行进一步研究。