ABSTRACT

1. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of diet density and feeding frequency during the rearing period on broiler breeder performance between three and 40 weeks of age.

2. A total of 960 female one-day-old chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 24 floor pens (12 pens in two rooms). On day 21 pullets were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including two diets (control (CON) or 16% diluted (DIL)) and two feeding strategies (fed once (FO) or twice (FT) a day). The FO pullets were fed at 0815 h (100%) and FT pullets at 0815 h (60%) and 1215 h (40%). Water was provided by nipple drinkers with drip cups during 7 and 8 h in the rearing and laying period, respectively.

3. Body weight (BW) and water intake were measured weekly and BW uniformity at 10 and 20 weeks of age. Litter characteristics were measured at 10, 15, and 20 weeks of age. During the laying period, egg production and incubation characteristics were recorded.

4. The DIL pullets received a higher feed allowance in combination with similar water intake which resulted in a lower water/feed ratio compared to the CON pullets resulting in a higher DM content of the litter and improved litter quality. The higher feed allowance resulted in a 20% higher total manure production at 20 weeks of age. The FT pullets showed a lower body weight (BW) CV at 10 weeks of age; however, no effect was found at 20 weeks of age. During the laying period, FT pullets tended to have earlier onset of lay, higher total egg production at 30 weeks of age and better fertility.

5. It was concluded that alternative feeding strategies can positively influence production performance during both the rearing and laying period.

摘要

1. 进行了一项实验，研究了饲养期间日粮密度和饲喂频率对 3 至 40 周龄肉种鸡生产性能的影响。

2. 960 只1 日龄雌性雏鸡（Ross 308）被随机分配到 24 个地板圈（两个房间 12 个圈）。在第 21 天，小母鸡被分配到 2 × 2 因子排列，包括两种日粮（对照 (CON) 或 16% 稀释 (DIL)）和两种饲喂策略（每天饲喂一次 (FO) 或两次 (FT)）。FO 小母鸡在 0815 小时（100%）喂食，FT 小母鸡在 0815 小时（60%）和 1215 小时（40%）喂食。在饲养和产蛋期的 7 小时和 8 小时内，分别由带有滴水杯的乳头饮水器提供水。

3. 每周测量体重 (BW) 和饮水量，并在 10 周龄和 20 周龄时测量 BW 均匀度。在 10、15 和 20 周龄时测量垫料特征。在产蛋期间，记录产蛋量和孵化特性。

4. DIL 后备母鸡在相似的饮水量下获得了更高的采食量，这导致与 CON 后备母鸡相比，水/饲料比更低，从而导致垫料中 DM 含量更高并改善垫料质量。较高的饲料允许量导致 20 周龄时的总粪肥产量增加 20%。FT 小母鸡在 10 周龄时表现出较低的体重 (BW) CV；然而，在 20 周龄时没有发现任何影响。在产蛋期间，FT 小母鸡往往产蛋开始较早，30 周龄时总产蛋量较高，生育能力较好。

5. 得出的结论是，替代饲喂策略可以对饲养和产蛋期的生产性能产生积极影响。