The effect of physical exercise on functional brain network connectivity in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. A systematic review,Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

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The effect of physical exercise on functional brain network connectivity in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. A systematic review
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111493
Nick W Bray ₁ , Frederico Pieruccini-Faria ₂ , Robert Bartha ₃ , Timothy J Doherty ₄ , Lindsay S Nagamatsu ₅ , Manuel Montero-Odasso ₆

Affiliation

Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Gait and Brain Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada.
Gait and Brain Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Neuromuscular Function Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Exercise, Mobility and Brain Health Lab, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Gait and Brain Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.

Introduction

Neurodegeneration is a biproduct of aging that results in concomitant cognitive decline. Physical exercise is an emerging intervention to improve brain health. The underlying neural mechanisms linking exercise to neurodegeneration, however, are unclear. Functional brain network connectivity (FBNC) refers to neural regions that are anatomically separate but temporally synched in functional signalling. FBNC can be measured using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and is affected by neurodegeneration.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review using PubMed and EMBASE to assess the effect of physical exercise on FBNC in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.

Results

Our search yielded 1474 articles; after exclusion, 13 were included in the final review, 8 of which focused on cognitively healthy older adults. 10 studies demonstrated an increase in FBNC post-exercise intervention, while 11 studies showed improvements in secondary outcomes (cognitive and/or physical performance). One study showed significant correlations between FBNC and cognitive performance measures that significantly improved post-intervention.

Discussion

We found evidence that physical exercise increases FBNC. When assessing the association between FBNC with physical and cognitive functioning, careful consideration must be given to variability in exercise parameters, neural regions of interest and networks examined, and heterogeneity in methodological approaches.

中文翻译：

体育锻炼对有和没有认知障碍的老年人功能性脑网络连接的影响。系统评价

介绍

神经变性是衰老的副产品，会导致伴随的认知能力下降。体育锻炼是一种新兴的改善大脑健康的干预措施。然而，将运动与神经变性联系起来的潜在神经机制尚不清楚。功能性脑网络连接 (FBNC) 是指解剖学上分离但在功能信号中在时间上同步的神经区域。FBNC 可以使用功能性磁共振成像 (fMRI) 进行测量，并且受神经变性的影响。