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Screening of pepino (Solanum muricatum) and wild relatives against four major tomato diseases threatening its expansion in the Mediterranean region
Annals of Applied Biology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-18 , DOI: 10.1111/aab.12698
Juan Pacheco 1 , Salvador Soler 1 , Maria R. Figàs 1 , Alberto San Bautista 2 , Jaime Prohens 1 , Pietro Gramazio 3
Affiliation  

The pepino (Solanum muricatum) is an Andean vegetable crop closely related to tomato. In the last decades, it has been introduced in the Mediterranean region and other parts of the world as a potential new crop. However, several tomato major pathogens may threaten the expansion of pepino cultivation. We identified Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), Verticillium dahliae (VE), pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) as four of the most likely pathogens to cause damage to pepino crops in Mediterranean climates. In order to evaluate the response of the pepino genepool against these pathogens, as well as to identify sources of tolerance, we inoculated six accessions of cultivated pepino, nine accessions of seven pepino wild relatives, and one interspecific hybrid with FOL, VE, PepMV and ToMV and followed its symptomatology for 30 days (FOL and VE) or 60 days (PepMV and ToMV). ELISA tests were also performed for PepMV and ToMV. Susceptible tomato materials were used as controls. The pepino genepool displayed fewer symptoms than susceptible tomato controls after inoculation with FOL, with most accessions being tolerant or resistant. Regarding VE, a wide variation of values for the symptoms index (SI) was observed, with three cultivated pepino accessions displaying tolerance. For PepMV a wide variation for SI was also observed, with one accession of S. caripense being resistant, and several accessions of pepino and other wild relatives displaying different degrees of tolerance. PepMV absorbance values obtained by ELISA tests followed a pattern similar to that of SI. For ToMV no resistances were found, although two wild accessions and the interspecific hybrid displayed low values for the SI and were considered as moderately tolerant. ELISA tests against ToMV revealed that the virus replicated well in all materials. None of the accessions evaluated displayed resistance or high levels of tolerance to the four pathogens, but some of them were complementary for resistance or high levels of tolerance. Although the interspecific hybrid tested was not resistant to any of the pathogens, it was tolerant to FOL and PepMV and moderately tolerant to VE and ToMV. A multivariate hierarchical clustering revealed similar patterns among accessions in the response to the two fungal diseases (FOL and VE) on one side and to the two viral ones (PepMV and ToMV) on the other. The information generated in this study has allowed identifying materials within the pepino genepool for the development of multi-resistant pepino cultivars to major diseases threatening its expansion in the Mediterranean region.

中文翻译:

筛选pepino (Solanum muricatum) 和野生近缘种对抗威胁其在地中海地区扩张的四种主要番茄病害

Pepino ( Solanum muricatum ) 是一种与番茄密切相关的安第斯蔬菜作物。在过去的几十年里,它作为一种潜在的新作物被引入地中海地区和世界其他地区。然而,几种番茄主要病原体可能威胁到pepino种植的扩大。我们鉴定了尖孢镰刀菌f。sp. 番茄(FOL), 大丽轮枝菌(VE)、pepino 花叶病毒 (PepMV) 和番茄花叶病毒 (ToMV) 作为四种最有可能对地中海气候中的 Pepino 作物造成损害的病原体。为了评估pepino基因库对这些病原体的反应,并确定耐受性来源,我们接种了6份栽培pepino、9份7份pepino野生亲缘种和一种与FOL、VE、PepMV和ToMV 并跟踪其症状 30 天(FOL 和 VE)或 60 天(PepMV 和 ToMV)。还对 PepMV 和 ToMV 进行了 ELISA 测试。易感的番茄材料用作对照。接种 FOL 后,pepino 基因库比易感番茄对照表现出更少的症状,大多数种质具有耐受性或抗性。关于 VE,观察到症状指数 (SI) 值的广泛变化,三个栽培的佩皮诺种质表现出耐受性。对于 PepMV,还观察到 SI 的广泛变化,其中一个加入S. caripense具有抗性,并且 pepino 和其他野生近缘种的几个种质显示出不同程度的耐受性。通过 ELISA 测试获得的 PepMV 吸光度值遵循类似于 SI 的模式。对于 ToMV,没有发现抗性,尽管两个野生种质和种间杂种的 SI 值较低,被认为是中等耐受性。针对 ToMV 的 ELISA 测试显示该病毒在所有材料中都能很好地复制。评估的种质中没有一个显示出对四种病原体的抗性或高水平耐受性,但其中一些在抗性或高耐受性方面是互补的。尽管所测试的种间杂种对任何病原体均不具有抗性,但它对 FOL 和 PepMV 具有耐受性,并且对 VE 和 ToMV 具有中等耐受性。多元层次聚类揭示了在一方面对两种真菌疾病(FOL 和 VE)和另一方面对两种病毒疾病(PepMV 和 ToMV)的反应中,种质之间的相似模式。本研究中产生的信息允许在 pepino 基因库中识别材料,用于开发对威胁其在地中海地区扩张的主要疾病的多重抗性 pepino 栽培品种。
更新日期:2021-04-18
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