Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103661 Ângela Almeida 1 , Amadeu M V M Soares 1 , Valdemar I Esteves 2 , Rosa Freitas 1
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A vast literature has already demonstrated that pharmaceutical drugs exert negative impacts on aquatic organisms but data is sparse on the occurrence of these contaminants in marine aquatic environments and their biota, particularly in comparison with freshwater systems. In marine environments, bivalves are known as good bioindicator species for environmental pollution monitoring. This review summarizes the current knowledge on carbamazepine (CBZ) concentrations in the marine environment (seawater and bivalves) and the analytical methods involved in the drug determination. Carbamazepine was chosen based on its ubiquitous occurrence and proven negative impacts on the aquatic organisms. Overall, CBZ is distributed in the marine environment with concentrations up to 1 μg/L, revealing its stability and high persistence. Also, CBZ was found in some species of marine bivalves, with concentrations up to 13 ng/g dry weight (DW), however, a bioaccumulation factor could not be calculated due to the absence of CBZ determination in seawater samples for most of the studies.
Capsule
Carbamazepine is found in seawater up to the low μg/L level, and in bivalve tissue up to a few ng/g DW, with SPE and LC as the techniques of choice for drug extraction and identification.
中文翻译：
抗癫痫药卡马西平在海洋环境中的水和双壳类动物中的存在：综述
大量文献已经证明药物对水生生物产生负面影响，但关于这些污染物在海洋水生环境及其生物群中发生的数据很少，特别是与淡水系统相比。在海洋环境中，双壳类动物被称为环境污染监测的良好生物指示物种。本综述总结了当前关于海洋环境（海水和双壳类动物）中卡马西平 (CBZ) 浓度的知识以及药物测定中涉及的分析方法。选择卡马西平是基于其普遍存在且已证明对水生生物的负面影响。总体而言，CBZ 分布在海洋环境中，浓度高达1 μg/L，显示其稳定性和高持久性。此外，在某些海洋双壳类物种中发现了 CBZ，浓度高达 13 ng/g 干重 (DW)，但是，由于大多数研究未在海水样品中测定 CBZ，因此无法计算生物蓄积因子.
胶囊
卡马西平在海水中的含量高达低 μg/L，在双壳类组织中的含量高达几 ng/g DW，SPE 和 LC 是药物提取和鉴定的首选技术。
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