The present paper is the first of two companion papers on the investigations of wave overtopping flow striking a cylinder, which is the schematisation of a human body, on the crest of an impermeable sloped seawall with a deep foreshore. This paper presents the physical modeling part. The key measured physical quantities include the overtopping flow depth on the seawall crest and the inline force on the cylinder. It is found that the Iribarren number and the ratio of freeboard and incident wave height are the two key parameters that control wave breaking on the seawall slope and the overtopping flow on the seawall crest. Formulas are identified for quick estimation of the inline force due to overtopping flow. The maximum overtopping flow depth and the maximum inline force are found to decay exponentially with the distance from the seawall's edge, but the decay rates are rather low. By comparing the inline force experienced by a 3D-printed human model and a cylinder, the equivalent diameter of a human body is proposed to be 1.4 times the thigh width. Finally, a preliminary application was carried out to demonstrate the applicability of our research outcomes. It is found that the predicted maximum inline force on a human body exceeds the ground friction, when the smallest overtopping volume exceeds about 600 l/m (with a scatter range of 600–1 100 l/m), which is conservatively in consistent with the threshold proposed in the EurOtop manual.

本文是两篇伴随论文中的第一篇，是关于在不渗透的倾斜海堤和深前滨的波峰上撞击圆柱体（代表人体的波）的波流研究的第一篇。本文介绍了物理建模部分。测得的关键物理量包括海堤波峰上的水流过顶深度和圆柱体上的内向力。研究发现，伊里巴伦数和干舷与入射波高之比是控制海堤坡度上的波浪破裂和海堤波峰上的顶流的两个关键参数。确定公式可快速估算由于超车流量而产生的内力。发现最大的越顶流动深度和最大的内联力随着距海堤的距离呈指数衰减。边缘，但衰减率相当低。通过比较3D打印的人体模型和圆柱体承受的轴向力，人体的等效直径建议为大腿宽度的1.4倍。最后，初步应用进行了证明我们的研究成果的适用性。结果发现，当最小的超越量超过大约600 l / m（散布范围为600–1100l / m）时，预测的对人体的最大轴向力超过了地面摩擦。 EurOtop手册中建议的阈值。进行了初步应用，以证明我们研究成果的适用性。结果发现，当最小的超越量超过大约600 l / m（散布范围为600–1100l / m）时，预测的对人体的最大轴向力超过了地面摩擦。 EurOtop手册中建议的阈值。进行了初步应用，以证明我们研究成果的适用性。结果发现，当最小的超越量超过大约600 l / m（散布范围为600–1100l / m）时，预测的对人体的最大轴向力超过了地面摩擦。 EurOtop手册中建议的阈值。