Behavior change is widely recognized as an important strategy for mitigating and adapting to climate change. Yet, positive or negative behavioral spillover effects—if prevalent—have the potential to render behavioral interventions more or less effective. Behavioral spillover occurs when the adoption of one behavior targeted by an intervention changes the likelihood that an individual will adopt one or more nontargeted behaviors. As spillover is defined as a causal process, methods that isolate cause-and-effect relationships are needed to generate evidence of spillover; however, non-experimental methods can still advance knowledge in the field. Recent work reveals growing evidence for positive spillover, including recent field studies involving commonly utilized behavioral interventions. Yet, on average, effects are small and also vary in direction and magnitude as a function of how behaviors are measured. Measurement artifacts as well as concerns of publication bias suggests the need for more work in this field.

行为改变被广泛认为是缓解和适应气候变化的重要策略。然而，正面或负面的行为外溢效应（如果普遍）有可能使行为干预或多或少地有效。当采取干预措施针对的一种行为改变了个人采取一种或多种非针对性行为的可能性时，就会发生行为溢出。由于溢出被定义为一个因果过程，因此需要使用隔离因果关系的方法来产生溢出的证据。但是，非实验方法仍然可以促进该领域的知识发展。最近的工作揭示了积极溢出的越来越多的证据，包括最近涉及常用行为干预的现场研究。但是，平均而言，影响很小，并且在方向和大小上也随行为的测量而变化。测量伪影以及对出版偏见的担忧表明，需要在这一领域做更多的工作。