The production of excess water during oil recovery creates not only a major technical problem but also an environmental and cost impact. This increasing problem has forced oil companies to reconsider methods that promote an increase in oil recovery and a decrease in water production. Many techniques have been applied over the years to reduce water cut, with the application of chemicals being one of them. Chemicals such as polymer gels have been widely and successfully implemented in several oil fields for conformance control. In recent years, the application of foam and emulsions for enhanced oil recovery projects has been investigated and implemented in oil fields, but studies have shown that they can equally act as conformance control agents with very promising results. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the application of polymer gel, foam and emulsion for conformance control. Various aspects of these chemical-based conformance control methods such as the mechanisms, properties, applications, experimental and numerical studies and the parameters that affect the successful field application of these methods have been discussed in this paper. Including the recent advances in chemical-based conformance control agents has also been highlighted in this paper.

采油过程中产生的多余水不仅造成主要的技术问题，而且还对环境和成本造成影响。这个日益严重的问题迫使石油公司重新考虑促进采油量增加和水产量减少的方法。多年来，已经应用了许多技术来减少含水率，其中化学药品的应用就是其中之一。诸如聚合物凝胶之类的化学物质已在多个油田中广泛成功地用于一致性控制。近年来，泡沫和乳液在提高采油率项目中的应用已在油田中得到研究和实施，但研究表明它们同样可以用作合格控制剂，具有非常可喜的结果。在本文中，我们对聚合物凝胶，泡沫和乳液用于一致性控制的应用进行了全面的综述。本文讨论了这些基于化学物质的一致性控制方法的各个方面，例如机理，性能，应用，实验和数值研究以及影响这些方法成功应用于现场的参数。本文还强调了包括基于化学的顺应性控制剂的最新进展。