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Identifying the sensitivity of GPS to non-tidal loadings at various time resolutions: examining vertical displacements from continental Eurasia
GPS Solutions ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s10291-021-01135-w
Anna Klos , Henryk Dobslaw , Robert Dill , Janusz Bogusz

We examine the sensitivity of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to non-tidal loading for a set of continental Eurasia permanent stations. We utilized daily vertical displacements available from the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL) at stations located at least 100 km away from the coast. Loading-induced predictions of displacements of earth’s crust are provided by the Earth-System-Modeling Group of the GFZ (ESMGFZ). We demonstrate that the hydrological loading, supported by barystatic sea-level changes to close the global mass budget (HYDL + SLEL), contributes to GPS displacements only in the seasonal band. Non-tidal atmospheric loading, supported by non-tidal oceanic loading (NTAL + NTOL), correlates positively with GPS displacements for almost all time resolutions, including non-seasonal changes from 2 days to 5 months, which are often considered as noise, intra-seasonal and seasonal changes with periods between 4 months and 1.4 years, and, also, inter-annual signals between 1.1 and 3.0 years. Correcting the GPS vertical displacements by NTAL leads to a reduction in the time series variances, evoking a whitening of the GPS stochastic character and a decrease in the standard deviation of noise. Both lead, on average, to an improvement in the uncertainty of the GPS vertical velocity by a factor of 2. To reduce its impact on the GPS displacement time series, we recommend that NTAL is applied at the observation level during the processing of GPS observations. HYDL might be corrected at the observation level or remain in the data and be applied at the stage of time series analysis.



中文翻译:

识别不同时间分辨率下GPS对非潮汐载荷的敏感性:检查欧亚大陆的垂直位移

我们研究了一组大陆欧亚大陆永久性台站对全球非潮汐载荷的全球定位系统(GPS)的敏感性。我们利用内华达州大地测量实验室(NGL)在距海岸至少100 km处的站点的每日垂直位移。GFZ地球系统建模小组(ESMGFZ)提供了载荷引起的地壳位移预测。我们证明,由重载海平面变化来支持关闭全球质量预算(HYDL + SLEL)的水文负荷仅在季节带中才有助于GPS位移。在非潮汐海洋载荷(NTAL + NTOL)的支持下,非潮汐大气载荷几乎在所有时间范围内都与GPS位移成正相关,包括从2天到5个月的非季节性变化,通常被认为是噪声,季节内和季节变化,周期在4个月至1.4年之间,并且还被认为是年际信号在1.1至3.0年之间。通过NTAL校正GPS垂直位移会导致时间序列方差的减小,从而引起GPS随机特征的白化并降低噪声的标准偏差。两者平均都会使GPS垂直速度的不确定性提高2倍。为减少对GPS位移时间序列的影响,我们建议在GPS观测处理过程中在观测级别应用NTAL 。HYDL可能会在观测级别进行校正或保留在数据中,并在时间序列分析阶段应用。4年,以及1.1到3.0年之间的年度信号。通过NTAL校正GPS垂直位移会导致时间序列方差的减小,从而引起GPS随机特征的白化并降低噪声的标准偏差。两者平均都会使GPS垂直速度的不确定性提高2倍。为减少对GPS位移时间序列的影响,我们建议在GPS观测数据处理过程中,在观测水平应用NTAL 。HYDL可能会在观测级别进行校正或保留在数据中,并在时间序列分析阶段应用。4年,以及1.1到3.0年之间的年度信号。通过NTAL校正GPS垂直位移会导致时间序列方差的减小,从而引起GPS随机特征的白化并降低噪声的标准偏差。两者平均都会使GPS垂直速度的不确定性提高2倍。为减少对GPS位移时间序列的影响,我们建议在GPS观测处理过程中在观测级别应用NTAL 。HYDL可能会在观测级别进行校正或保留在数据中,并在时间序列分析阶段应用。引起了GPS随机特征的白化并降低了噪声的标准偏差。两者平均都会使GPS垂直速度的不确定性提高2倍。为减少对GPS位移时间序列的影响,我们建议在GPS观测处理过程中在观测级别应用NTAL 。HYDL可能会在观测级别进行校正或保留在数据中,并在时间序列分析阶段应用。引起了GPS随机特征的白化并降低了噪声的标准偏差。两者平均都会使GPS垂直速度的不确定性提高2倍。为减少对GPS位移时间序列的影响,我们建议在GPS观测处理过程中在观测级别应用NTAL 。HYDL可能会在观测级别进行校正或保留在数据中,并在时间序列分析阶段应用。

更新日期:2021-04-18
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