Abstract

CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear) threats are becoming more prevalent, as more entities gain access to modern weapons and industrial technologies and chemicals. This has produced a need for improvements to modelling, detection, and monitoring of these events. While there are currently no dedicated satellites for CBRN purposes, there are a wide range of possibilities for satellite data to contribute to this field, from atmospheric composition and chemical detection to cloud cover, land mapping, and surface property measurements. This study looks at currently available satellite data, including meteorological data such as wind and cloud profiles, surface properties like temperature and humidity, chemical detection, and sounding. Results of this survey revealed several gaps in the available data, particularly concerning biological and radiological detection. The results also suggest that publicly available satellite data largely does not meet the requirements of spatial resolution, coverage, and latency that CBRN detection requires, outside of providing terrain use and building height data for constructing models. Lastly, the study evaluates upcoming instruments, platforms, and satellite technologies to gauge the impact these developments will have in the near future. Improvements in spatial and temporal resolution as well as latency are already becoming possible, and new instruments will fill in the gaps in detection by imaging a wider range of chemicals and other agents and by collecting new data types. This study shows that with developments coming within the next decade, satellites should begin to provide valuable augmentations to CBRN event detection and monitoring.

Article Highlights

• There is a wide range of existing satellite data in fields that are of interest to CBRN detection and monitoring.

• The data is mostly of insufficient quality (resolution or latency) for the demanding requirements of CBRN modelling for incident control.

• Future technologies and platforms will improve resolution and latency, making satellite data more viable in the CBRN management field

中文翻译：

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使用卫星数据进行CBRN（化学，生物，放射和核）威胁检测，监视和建模

摘要

随着越来越多的实体获得现代武器，工业技术和化学药品的使用，CBRN（化学，生物，放射和核）威胁正变得越来越普遍。这就需要改进对这些事件的建模，检测和监视。尽管目前没有用于CBRN的专用卫星，但从大气成分和化学探测到云层覆盖，土地制图和地表特性测量，卫星数据可为这一领域做出贡献的可能性很大。这项研究着眼于当前可用的卫星数据，包括气象数据（例如风和云廓线），表面特性（例如温度和湿度），化学检测和探测。这项调查的结果表明，现有数据存在一些差距，特别是关于生物学和放射学检测。结果还表明，除了提供用于构建模型的地形使用和建筑物高度数据之外，可公开获得的卫星数据在很大程度上不满足CBRN检测所需的空间分辨率，覆盖范围和等待时间的要求。最后，该研究评估了即将到来的仪器，平台和卫星技术，以评估这些发展在不久的将来将产生的影响。改善空间和时间分辨率以及延迟的可能性已经成为可能，新的仪器将通过对更广泛的化学物质和其他物质成像并收集新的数据类型来填补检测领域的空白。这项研究表明，随着未来十年内的发展，

文章重点

• CBRN检测和监视感兴趣的领域中存在大量现有的卫星数据。

• 对于事件控制的CBRN建模的苛刻要求，数据的质量（分辨率或等待时间）大多不足。

• 未来的技术和平台将改善分辨率和延迟，使卫星数据在CBRN管理领域更加可行